liquid nitrogen as non polluting fuel ppt

LIQUID NITROGEN AS A NON POLLUTING FUEL ppt

INTRODUCTION

In 1997, the University of North Texas (UNT) and University of Washington(UW) independently developed liquid nitrogen powered vehicles in which thepropulsion systems in these vehicles are cryogenic heat engines in which a cryogenicsubstance is used as a heat sink for heat engine. A Liquid Nitrogen Car There are approximately 247 million vehicles in the U.S. today andapproximately 97% of those vehicles are gasoline or diesel powered The currentaverage fuel efficiency of automobiles in the U.S. is 20.2 miles per gallon nearly 50%lower than on road fuel economy in other industrialized nations .This presents atwofold challenge . First, fossil fuel supplies are limited. Some estimates indicatethat the world could see a peak in its total oil production mandated by resourceavailability and economic and political factors as soon as 2012.After such a peak,fossil fuel production will decrease . Second, gasoline powered vehicles areextremely dirty. Burning one gallon of gasoline emits 19.4 pounds of carbon dioxidealong with a host of other pollutants In response to this obvious need for a shiftaway from fossil fuel powered vehicles, we propose to explore the use of liquidnitrogen as a combustion-free clean alternative vehicle fuel. The use of liquid nitrogenas such a fuel for automobiles has many

possibly far-reaching benefits. Severalanalyses have shown that the specific energy achievable with cryogenic heat enginesusing liquid nitrogen as the working fluid are comparable to current batterytechnologies. 1,2 Since the source of liquid nitrogen is air (78% of air is nitrogen),liquid nitrogen is readily available at a low cost. In a liquid nitrogen cryogenic heatengine, ambient heat from the atmosphere is used as a heat source to cause liquidnitrogen to phase change from a liquid to a gas. Subsequent heating of the gas by heatfrom the atmosphere provides rapid expansion to run an expander. The exhaust gas,nitrogen gas, is released into the atmosphere. It should be noted that air is composedof 78% nitrogen, and so the exhaust gas of a liquid nitrogen engine is simply acomponent of air. A cryogenic heat engine running on liquid nitrogen is anenvironmentally clean, combustion-free engine, which could be used for zeroemission vehicles

The Liquid Nitrogen as a Non Polluting Fuel Mech Final Year Seminar deals with methods of producing and using Liquid Nitrogen which is the most efficient and non-polluting means of running the vehicles.

The capability of several energy conversion process to provide sufficient energy in a world where the non-renewable resource are getting depleted. Moreover pollution caused by them is increasing at a rapid rate. In such a scenario,an efficient and non-polluting means of running the vehicles is the use of liquid nitrogen which is non-polluting fuel

In this project,A Multiple Reheat Open Rankine and a closed Brayton Cycle are explained which are the mothods used in producing liquid nitrogen.Liquid nitrogen powered vehicles are also described of which the propulsion systems in these vehicles are cryogenic heat engines in which a cryogenic substance is used as a heat sink for heat engine,where Cryogenic can be defined as the branch of the physics that deals with the production of and study of effects and very low temperature.

APPLICATIONS:

The energy density of liquid nitrogen is relatively low.
It has more advantages over electric vehicles in terms of performance and effeciency.s.
The exhaust produced by the car is designed taking Environmental concerns into consideration.
They are made in such a way that they do not add to the Green- house effect.

CONCLUSION:

The liquid Nitrogen fuelled vehicles keeps the air much cleaner as liquifaction process is driven by non-polluting energy sources.And refuelling process is time and cost efficient.