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there is no difference in theory and practice, but in practice, there is. Learning the standard operating system concepts breaks the ice for studying a practical operating system implementation. In this seminar we will have a look on Linux process management and scheduler. I will explain the Linux 2.6.8.1 CPU scheduler. Process management is also in context of this scheduler. The various attributes of the process descriptor are used to manage and control the lifetime of a process. We will see in detail how the process descriptor is implemented. We will see the data structures kernel uses for managing all the processes. Till 2.4.x series of schedulers, the running time of scheduler increases linearly with the number of processes in the system. The asymptotic running time of these schedulers is of the order O(n), where n is the number of processes in the system. But the 2.6.8.1 scheduler performs all itâ„¢s duties in O(1) time. It means that it take a constant amount of time for scheduling purpose, independent of the number of processes in the system. There is no algorithm in this scheduler that takes more time than this. We will see how this is achieved.