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koodankulam nuclear power plant advantages and disadvantages ppt

Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant is a nuclear power station situated in Kudankulam in the Tirunelveli district of the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu. This is a joint Russia-India project. It's investment cost to India was estimated to be US$ 3 billion (Rs.13,615 Crores) in a 2001 agreement.Kudankulam Nuclear Power Project (KNPP) has restarted after the first unit's reactor and turbine tripped January 14, said Power System Operation Corporation Ltd. (POSCO) Monday.According to POSCO, power generation at the first unit of 1,000 MW KNPP commenced Sunday.The atomic power unit touched a peak generation of 658 MW since it was restarted Sunday and the average generation for the day was 168 MW, POSCO said.India's atomic power plant operator Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd. (NPCIL) is setting up two 1,000 MW Russian reactors at Kudankulam in Tirunelveli district, 650 km from Chennai.The first unit attained criticality, which is the beginning of the fission process, July 2013.Subsequently it was connected to the southern grid in October 2013.However, commercial power generation began only December 31, 2014. Since then the unit was generating an average of 940 MW till it tripped Jan 14.According to G Sundarrajan, an anti-nuclear power activist and who had filed a case against the setting up of the Rs.17,000 crore KNPP, the atomic power company suffers at least Rs.8 crore loss per day of plant outage."Ever since the first unit at KNPP started commercial generation December 31, 2014 it has been producing around 940 MW per day or around 2.25 crore units per day," Sundarrajan told IANS.He said the actual per unit commercial tariff for the first unit is still unclear with different officials giving out different figures, ranging from Rs.3.50 per unit to Rs.4 per unit."Even at Rs.3.50 per unit, NPCIL is suffering a revenue loss of around Rs.7.89 crore per day of plant outage," he said.Though, KNPP's first unit has started commercial power generation, NPCIL curiously still classifies the unit as under construction in its website and not under the head 'plants under operation'.The NPCIL officials were not available despite repeated attempts by IANS to get clarifications on the recurring technical snags suffered by the unit.The Unit 3 and 4 of the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Project (KKNPP) with 2x1000 MW capacity is being prepared for launch in 2015-16.Jitendra Singh, MoS in the Prime Minister's Office and Minister of State in the Ministry of Personnel, PG & Pensions in a written reply to Lok Sabha today said the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Project Unit-1 (KKNPP 1) with 1,000 MW capacity has been commissioned recently while the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Project Unit-2 (KKNPP-2) with 1,000 MW capacity is under commissioning.

In December 2014, the first Unit, with 1000 MW capacity has started power generation and has been connected to the southern grid.India's atomic power plant operator NPCIL is setting up two 1,000 MW Russian reactors at Kudankulam village in Tirunelveli district, 650 km from here. The total outlay for the project is over Rs.17,000 crore. The first unit attained criticality, which is the beginning of the fission process, in July 2013.Earlier, R S Sundar, site director, kudankulam Nuclear Plant said the new units will have 1,000 MW and the project cost is estimated at around Rs 39,000 crore as of now, against Rs 17,000 crore for Unit 1 and 2.It would take around 69 months for the projects to get completed from the time construction starts. Concrete placement will start in early 2016. The agreements, a general framework accord and contracts to order main equipment, will enable us to place orders for long manufacturing cycle equipment worth Rs 10,000 crore. These would take around two-and-a-half years to design, fabricate, test and deliver at the site. These are mainly nuclear steam supply system, which will be around 320 tonnes.Singh said in July 2014, the Government had set a target of tripling the then existing nuclear power capacity of 4780 MW in the next ten years viz. 2024.MoS further said, various sites have been given "In-principle" approval for additional reactors to be set up in future. Currently these sites are under pre-project activities which include land acquisition, obtaining Environmental clearances, evaluation of techno commercial offers in respect of Light Water Reactors (LWRs) to be set up with foreign technical cooperation. Some of these projects include Jaitapur Nuclear Power Project (JNPP 1&2), Kaiga (5&6) and Mahi Banswara (1&2) among others.The safety being an ongoing process, constant review of safety aspects effecting necessary upgrades thereof in line with the evolving safety standards at par with the best international standards is a regular practice in Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL).The Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant (KNPP) is under construction 650km south of Chennai, in the Tirunelveli district of Tamil Nadu, India. It is being developed by the Nuclear Power Corporation of India (NPCIL).Two 1,000MW pressurised water reactor (PWR) units based on Russian technology are being erected in phase one of the project. An additional four units are scheduled to be added as per the agreement signed between India and Russia in December 2008.Construction of units three and four is scheduled to start in 2016 with the aim of making them operational by March 2021.Atomstroyexport, a subsidiary of the Russian State Nuclear Energy Corporation Rosatom, is the supplier of equipment and fuels for the nuclear power project.Kudankulam nuclear power plant construction and protestsConcrete work for units one and two started in March 2002 and July 2002 respectively. NPCIL started commercial operations of unit 1 from midnight of 31 December 2014, while unit two is expected to be completed and commissioned for operations in May 2015.

The construction work on-site was stopped in October 2011 because of protestors. However, it resumed in March 2012 with the permission of the Tamil Nadu Government.In May 2013, the Indian Supreme Court dismissed the petitions by nuclear activists questioning the safety of the nuclear power plant and granted the go-ahead for the commissioning of the first two units.However, the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB), NPCIL and the Department of Atomic Energy of India have been asked by the court to ensure the safety of the plant and give final clearances before the start of commercial operations.
Controversy regarding KNPP.Kudankulam NPP has been a controversial project since its inception, with protests by local residents and various activist groups over potential radiation threats and issues related to nuclear waste disposal.The anti-Kudankulam campaign intensified after the Fukushima nuclear incident in Japan in 2011.KNPP is allegedly located in a tsunami prone area and more than one million people residing within the 30km radius of the nuclear power plant cannot be evacuated safely in the occurrence of any nuclear disaster.The People's Movement Against Nuclear Energy (PMANE) is at the forefront of the anti-Kudankulam campaign.Identification of four faulty crucial valves in reactors at Kudankulam and the arrest of Russian officials for sourcing substandard materials for nuclear equipment further fuelled opposition to the plant.

Kudankulam nuclear power plant details
NPCIL and Rosatom finalised the reactor design and engineering supervision arrangements for the construction of KNPP phase one in 1998, which cost Rs140bn ($2.47bn).Construction of phase one started in 2001 and the first two units of were originally scheduled for commissioning in December 2007 and December 2008 respectively.The project has, however, experienced significant delays because of persistent protests by locals and nuclear activists over safety concerns.Kudankulam NPP will have a production life of 60 years, which can be extended by another 20. The plant is expected to supply power at a cheaper rate of about Rs2.50 per unit.The home state Tamil Nadu is allocated 50% (925MW) of the power generated, while the neighbouring states will share 35% of the residual power, including 442MW for Karnataka, 266MW for Kerala and 67MW for Puducherry. The other 15% of the generated power will remain unallocated and be added to a central pool.

KNPP reactor
Kudankulam, or Koodankulam, is India's first nuclear plant to use imported PWR technology. The existing nuclear power plants in India use pressurised heavy water reactor or boiling water reactor technology.KNPP uses the advanced version of Russian-developed PWR nuclear technology, VVER-1000 type reactors, also know as water-water power reactors.VVER technology has completed more than 1,500 reactor-years of operating time.KNPP uses AES-92, also called the V-466 model, which is the latest version of the third-generation VVER-1000. This integrates active and passive safety measures , including passive heat removal system (PHRS), hydrogen re-combiners, core catcher, hydro accumulators and quick boron injection system (QBIS). This multi-layered safety feature ensures the plant and environment are safe.

Safety features
The AES-92 includes a combination of active and passive safety solutions. It retains the traditional active safety provisions such as the use of neutron absorbing control rods to control the reactivity.The passive safety relies on natural factors such as pressure differentials, gravity or natural convection, to ensure protection against malfunctions during emergency situations.This include the fast injection of high-pressure boron and the provision of extra tanks for long-term supply of borated water to the reactor in a passive way, as well as a system for inter-containment area passive filtration.The reactor building has a series of passive hydrogen re-combiners to convert abnormal production of hydrogen into water. This also includes a system for containing the molten-core of the reactor during severe accidents.AES-92 has a double protective containment with the inner envelope made of steel and the outer one made of heavy reinforced concrete steel. This prevents radioactive release into the environment during possible disasters, including earthquakes, tornadoes or aircraft crash. The inner containment is equipped with a water sprayer system to ease the steam pressure in the reactor.

KNPP contractors
Atomstroyexport is responsible for the technical design, construction supervision and technical support for reactor commissioning, as well as training for operation and maintenance and the supply of equipment and materials.Bharat Heavy Electricals will configure the machines at the plant and NPCIL will undertake the construction, erection and commissioning.