21-12-2017, 04:23 PM
PRE-HISTORIC KERALA
*‘Cheram’ or ‘Cheranadu’ or Kerala is believed to have emerged out of the sea bit by bit over a period of many centuries.
*The oldest book which mentions about Kerala is ‘Ithareyaranyakam’.
*The pre-historic people of Kerala belonged to - Negrito race and proto Austroloids
*Early inhabitants of Kerala belonged to the last phase of middle stone age.
*The megalithic monuments include - rock cut caves, Thoppikallu, Pulachikallu, Kudakallu, etc
*The Kerala river mentioned in Arthasasthra
Ans : Periyar (Chumiyar)
*Greeks called Pepper as
Ans : Yavanapriya
*Ancient name of Kodungalloor
Ans : Muziris
*Sangam literature mentiond about Kerala
Ans : Pathittupathu, Purananuru, Akananuru
*Muvendans were
Ans : Chera - Chola - Pandya rulers
*The puranas mentioned about Kerala
Ans : Vayupurana,Matsyapurana,Padmapurana,Skandapurana,Markandeya Purana
*The author of book “Keralapazhama”
Ans : Herman Gundert
*The Asoka inscription mentioned about Kerala
Ans : 2nd Rock edicts
*The work Kalidasa which mentioned about Kerala
Ans : Reghuvamsa
Rare Fact
*The stone age site, locally known as Kudakkalluparambu
Ans : Cheramangadu
Sangam Age
*The word Sangam means
Ans : College Assembly
*The period of sangam age
Ans : AD 1st Century - 5th Century
*Three main dynasties who ruled in Kerala, during sangam age - Ay dynasty, Ezhimala dynasty, Chera dynasty
*The place known as ‘Odanadu’ in sangam age
Ans : Kayamkulam
Confusing Facts
*Work known as Tamil Iliad
Ans : Chilapathikaram (Author - Ilango adigal)
*Work known as Tamil Odissi
Ans : Mani Mekhala (Author - Sathanar)
*Work known as Tamil Bible
Ans : Thirukkural (Author -Thiruvalluvar)
*Main diety during sangam age
Ans : Murukan
*Coins used in sangam age
Ans : Dinara, Kana
*The sangam age work that mentions about onam
Ans : Madurai Kanchi
*The main language during sangam age
Ans : Tamil
*The sangam age work mentioned about Buddhists
Ans : Manimekhala
PSC Recently Asked
*Number of Tinais mentioned in Sangam Literature - 5
Ay Dynasty
*The Ay Kingdom was the earliest ruling dynasty of the Southern part of present-day Kerala.
*Ptolemy mentioned ‘ay’ kingdom as (Aioi)
*Territorial boundry of Ay rulers
Ans : Thiruvalla in the North to Nagercoil in the South
*Tamil epic mentions about Ay dynasty
Ans : Purananuru
*The greatest Ay ruler during the Sangham age
Ans : Ay Antiran
*He was a great patron of art and letters.
*Early capital of Ays
Ans : ‘Podiyil Mountain’ or ‘Aykkudi'
*Later capital of Ays
Ans : Vizhinjam
*The capital shifted from Aykudi to Vizhinjam
Ans : Karunandadakkan
*The ay ruler known as parthivasekharan
Ans : Karunandadakkan
Old name New Name
*Thindis -Ponnani
*Bareka -Purakkadu
*Nelkinda -Neendakara
*Muziris -Kodungallur
*Balitha -Varkala
*Gosree-Kochi
*Bettimeni -Karthikapally
*Rippolin -Edappally
*Martha -Karunagappally
*Venketakotta-Kottaykkal
