jet and surface condenser ppt
#1

Sir plz provide me the detail about the project
Reply
#2

The steam can be condensed in surface steam condenser in two ways. Firstly, cooling water is passed through a series of tubes and steam passes over the tubes.Secondly, the steam is passed through a series of tubes and water is allowed to flow in the form of thin film outside the tubes.
A surface condenser mainly consists of a cast iron shell. The shell is cylindrical in shape and closed at both end to form a water box. A tube plate is located between each cover head and the shell. A number of water tubes are fixed to the tube plates. The shell is provided with exhaust steam inlet at the top and condensed steam outlet at the bottom. The hot exhaust steam enters through the top inlet of the surface condenser shell cooling water enters into the inlet water box and then flows through the water tubes runs from one end to other end of the condenser shell as shown. Then it enters into the end water box and returns from this box to outlet water box via return water tubes.
During this circulation, the heat is absorbed from exhaust steam by cooling water through the wall of the tubes. As a result, the steam ultimately becomes condensed and comes out through wet air outlet.
This surface condenser required two pumps-

One pump to circulate cooling water through the water tubes under pressure.

One for extracting wet air, condensates from the bottom of the condenser shell.


Surface steam condensers are of mainly two types :

Two flow condenser.

Multi flow condenser.


In two flow steam condenser, cooling water travels twice once from inlet-water box to end water box and once from end water box to outlet water box. Two flow condenser is already discussed.





By providing more and more partitions in the water boxes, surface condenser can be made multi flow condenser like, 4 flow, 6 flow etc. In multi-flow process, the rate of heat exchange is rapid but the power required to circulate the cooling water is also more.
According to the direction of flow of steam the surface steam turbine can be classified as-


Down flow

Central flow

Inverted flow surface condenser.







What is a jet condenser?
Answers:

It is a direct contact heat exchanger in which steam to be condensed comes into direct contact with the cooling water (cold condensate) which is usually introduced in the form of a spray from a jet. (Fig. 30.1)
Upon contact with the cooling water, the steam gives up its enthalpy and gets cooled and ultimately settles as condensate.


What is a surface condenser?
Answer:

It is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger in which steam is condensed on the shell-side while cooling water flows through the tubes. The condensate and cooling water leave the system separately.



How many types of jet condensers are known?
Answers:

Parallel flow jet type condenser - It is a kind of jet condenser in which both exhaust steam and cooling water enter the condenser at the top, both flow downward and the steam condensate discharges out from the bottom of the condenser. (Fig. 30.2)
Contra flow type jet condenser - The cooling fluid (cold condensate) and exhaust steam flow in a counter-current direction - steam goes up and cold condensate rains down.


Ejector type jet condenser - It is one kind of jet condenser in which the mixing of cooling water and steam takes place in a series of combining cones and the kinetic energy of the steam is expended to drain off the condensate and cooling water from the condenser. Cooling water is forced through a series of cones and gets mixed with steam coming through ports. As the cooling water flows through the series of nozzles, it suffers more and more pressure drop and at the same time its velocity gradually increases. Due to this pressure drop, more and more steam is drawn through the ports, gets intimately mixed with the cooling water jet and condenses thereafter.


What is the principle of operation of a high-level-parallel-flow jet condenser?
Answer:

This condenser, also called barometric condenser, works as follows - The condenser is mounted on a long pipe (at least 10.34 m) called barometric leg which acts in a way identical to a barometer. Now if water is used in a barometer then the barometric height would be 10.34 m. If some vacuum exists in the condenser, the height of water column (h) will be less than 10.34 in. Now it is possible, by using this condenser leg, to drain away the condensate from the condenser.

How many types of surface condensers are known?
Answers:

Down flow type - Exhaust steam is admitted to the top of the condenser, which is a tube-and-shell type cross flow heat exchanger. Cooling water flows through the tubes and extracts heat from the steam which is on the shell-side. After having been condensed on the surface of the water tubes, steam is converted into condensate, which is discharged from the condenser bottom. (Fig. 30.7)
Central flow type - It is also a shell-and-tube type cross flow heat exchanger at the center of which is located the suction of an air extraction pump so that the entire steam moves radially inward and comes in better contact with the outer surface of the nest of tubes through which the cooling water flows. The steam condensate is extracted from the bottom by the condensate-extraction pump.
Inverted flow type - In this type of condenser, steam is admitted at the bottom and flows upwards in cross-flow with the cooling water flowing in the tubes. The air extraction pump draws its suction from the top of the condenser, maintaining a steady upward current of steam, which after having been condensed on the outer surface of water tubes is removed by the condensate extraction pump.
Evaporative condenser type - Exhaust steam from the turbine is condensed inside the finned tubes as cooling water rains down from the top through the nozzles. A part of the cooling water in contact with the tube surface evaporates by drawing enthalpy from the steam, which upon losing its latent heat condenses and discharges out as condensate.
Where is the evaporative condenser used in practice?
Answers:
In those cases where the shortage of cooling water is acute.


What are the two prime functions of a condenser?
Answers:

It reduces the backpressure upon the turbine by a considerable degree and therefore, the work done per kg of steam during expansion is increased.
The exhaust steam condensate can be recycled as boiler feedwater.
What are the auxiliary equipment required for operating a steam condenser?
Answers:

Cooling water (which may be cold condensate) circulation pump. Generally, it is a centrifugal one.
Arrangement for cooling the condensate (i.e., a heat exchanger) in case the condensate is recycled to extract heat from the exhaust steam.
An air pump or steam ejector to remove air and other non-condensing gases from the condenser.
An extraction pump (usually centrifugal) to remove the condensate from the condenser.

What should be the basic criteria for an efficient steam condenser?
Answer:

Maximum amount of steam condensed per unit area of available heat transfer surface.
Minimum quantity of circulating coolant required.
Minimum heat transfer surface required per kW capacity.
Minimum power drawn by the auxiliaries.


Why is vacuum maintained in the steam condenser?
Answers:

By maintaining a vacuum in the steam condenser, the efficiency of the steam-power plant can be increased as greater the vacuum in the system, greater will be the enthalpy drop of steam. Therefore, more work will be available per kg of steam condensing.
Secondly, the non-condensate (air) can be removed from the condensate-steam circuit by pulling and maintaining a vacuum in the steam side. Therefore, the condensate can be used as boiler feed.


What are the advantages of a jet condenser over a surface condenser?
Answers:

Simplicity in design.
Lower in manufacturing cost.
Lower maintenance cost.
Occupies lesser floor space.
Requires lesser amount of cooling water.


What are the advantages of a surface condenser over a jet condenser?
Answers:

It imparts to power generation plant a higher thermal efficiency.
The condensate can be reused as boiler feedwater.
Auxiliary power requirement is less than that
Reply

Important Note..!

If you are not satisfied with above reply ,..Please

ASK HERE

So that we will collect data for you and will made reply to the request....OR try below "QUICK REPLY" box to add a reply to this page
Popular Searches: surface types condenser ppt, evaporative condenser ppt, jet condenser and surface condenser ppt download, surface condenser project in ppt, preamplifier ic for condenser micropohon, jet condenser ppt presentation, ppt on condenser types and application,

[-]
Quick Reply
Message
Type your reply to this message here.

Image Verification
Please enter the text contained within the image into the text box below it. This process is used to prevent automated spam bots.
Image Verification
(case insensitive)

Possibly Related Threads...
Thread Author Replies Views Last Post
  well-spring some homemade barbecue backchat and moistureless rubs and the actuality 0 1,026 10-09-2019, 05:48 PM
Last Post:
  agent some homemade barbecue cheek and prosaic rubs and suit 0 942 10-09-2019, 07:04 AM
Last Post:
  pass some homemade barbecue coolness and arid rubs and module 0 898 09-09-2019, 06:35 PM
Last Post:
  Recruitment and selection procedure in itc limited and hul ltd 1 1,598 13-08-2018, 08:20 AM
Last Post: Alima
  advantages and disadvantages of crank and slider mechanism 0 1,579 05-06-2018, 06:45 PM
Last Post: Guest
  to use newspaper to study and report on sahres and dividends 0 1,059 02-05-2018, 02:29 PM
Last Post: Guest
  water jet cutting seminar report pdf 0 530 31-03-2018, 01:31 PM
Last Post: Guest
  future scope of abrasive jet machining 0 515 18-02-2018, 11:34 PM
Last Post: Guest
  ieee seminar report on surface computing 1 478 12-02-2018, 03:53 PM
Last Post: dhanabhagya
  syllabus for tata steel jet exam in jamshedpur 0 612 11-12-2017, 05:54 PM
Last Post: Guest

Forum Jump: