Presented By
Swati G. Manikpure

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Introduction
 What is Biometrics?
 Why Biometrics is used?
 How Biometrics is today?
Broad Classification
 Why Iris Recognition?
 The only INTERNAL organ EXTERNALLY visible
 Stable for a life time
 Eye injuries or operations cannot change the Iris pattern what so ever
Iris Recognition systems
 The iris-scan process begins with a photograph. A specialized camera, typically very close to the subject, not more than three feet, uses an infrared imager to illuminate the eye and capture a very high-resolution photograph. This process takes 1 to 2 seconds.
Creating an Iris code
 The picture of eye first is processed by software that localizes the inner and outer boundaries of the iris.
 And it is encoded by image-processing technologies.
Iris recognition
 In less than few seconds, even on a database of millions of records, the iris code template generated from a live image is compared to previously enrolled ones to see if it matches to any of them.
 Example of iris recognition system
 Typical iris system configuration
Typical iris system configuration for taking a picture
 An iris recognition camera takes a black and white picture from 5 to 24 inches away.
 The camera uses non-invasive, near-infrared illumination that is barely visible and very safe.
Techniques used
 Iris Localization
 Iris Normalization
 Image Enhancement
Iris Localization
 Purpose: to localize that portion of the acquired image that corresponds to an iris
 In particular, it is necessary to localize that portion of the image derived from the border between the sclera and the iris and outside the pupil.
 Desired characteristics of iris localization:
◦ Sensitive to a wide range of edge contrast
◦ Robust to irregular borders
◦ Capable of dealing with variable occlusions
 The Daugman system fits the circular contours via gradient ascent on the parameters so as to maximize
Iris Normalization
 The size of the pupil may change due to the variation of the illumination and the associated elastic deformations in the iris
 Texture may interface with the results of pattern matching.
 For the purpose of accurate texture analysis, it is necessary to compensate this deformation.
Iris Enhancement
 Pattern Matching
• Bringing the recent iris pattern into alignment with a candidate data base entry.
• Evaluating the goodness of match between the newly acquired and data base representations.
• Deciding if the newly acquired data and the data base entry were derived from the same iris based on the goodness of match.
Comparison
 Can we fool this technique?
 present a high resolution picture of a person.. just wear a mask!
 wear a specs or colored contact lens.. what if I have naturally dark black eyes ?
 Pupil dilation or Disorders or diabetes or natural aging ?
Conclusion
 Combines computer vision, pattern recognition , statistical inference, and optics
 Purpose - real-time, high confidence recognition of a person’s identity
 The iris technology is expanding into the most reliable biometrics feature---data rich of physical structure, accurate, secure, stable, and safe
 The only disadvantage was the designing and manufacturing cost