Presented By
VARSHA V

---

[attachment=12189]
NANOROBOTS FOR MEDICAL DEFENSE
Nanorobotics
 Molecular machines.
 Rigid, diamondoid, nanometer scale
 Specific task- repeatedly, precisely,
 Durable and faster
Nanomedicine
 Major application area of nanobots
 Medical field aided with nanotechnology -better treatment
 Roles:
 Replacement
 Diagnosis
 Repair
 Therapy
Medical defense
 Biohazard contaminants
 Real time in-vivo prognosis
 Protect life
 Integrated platform- monitor, detect, identify, alert/action
Integrated system platform
 ASIC
 Embedded IC nanoelectronics
 Nanobiosensors
 Logic processors
 Electromagnetic communication
 RFID CMOS transponder system
 VHDL manufacturing
Nano-biosensors
 CHEMICAL
 Senses chemical changes
 Concentration/gradient changes in blood
 TEMPERATURE
 Target oriented temperature detection
 Measurement of changes in body temperature
Optofluidic
 Exploits localized optical property changes
 Types
 Evanescent field based devices
 Photonic crystal devices
 Surface Plasmon resonance biosensing
EVANESCENT FIELD BASED DEVICES
 Principle
 Solid core dielectric waveguides-evanescent field
 Change in RI-phase shift of propagating optical mode
 Techniques
 Interferometric based
 Resonant cavity based
PHOTONIC CRYSTAL DEVICES
 Waveguide b/w two 2D photonic crystal
SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE BIOSENSING
 Electromagnetic waves-propagate along dielectric interfaces
 Binding material changes dielectric property
 Reflectivity changes.
 3 types:
 Angular
 Spectral
 Local
Electrical
 FET incorporated by nanowire
 Charge field of bound molecule changes conductivity
 Electrical measurement
 Types
 Single dimension
 Multiplexed
 Single Dimension
 Semiconductor nanowire based
 Material property control
 Native oxide formation preventable
 Carbon nanotube based
 Higher electron mobility
 Diameter in sub-nm range
 Multiplexing
 Assembling wires into desired structure
 Methods: Lithographic pattern followed by-
 Active- Magnetic, dielectrophoretic
 Time consuming
 Passive-direct assembling
 Lack of specificity
 Hybrid procedure-typically used
Mechanical
 Based on Mechanical effects
 Two classification
 Cantilever based devices
 Acoustic biosensors
CANTILEVER BASED
 High frequency nano mechanical cantilever systems
 Mass sensing-change in resonant frequency
 Sufficient spacing required
ACOUSTIC
 Exploits bulk acoustic waves
 Resonant frequency change of piezoelectric crystal due to absorbed mass
 Surface acoustic waves
Piezoelectric
 Piezoelectric effect-vibrate under influence of electric field
 Particulate interaction on gold plated surface
 Change in resonant frequency –proportional to particulate concentration
Homogenous phase biosensors
 Functionalized nanoparticles- binding and detection platform
 Potential for simple feedback mechanisms
 Manufacture of biocompatible nanoparticles
 Types
 Solution phase SPR
 Encoded quantum dots
Actuators
 Molecular machine propulsion
 Principle
 Electromagnetic
 Piezoelectric
 Electrostatic
 Electrothermal
 Nanomotors / nanoactuators
 Flagella motor
 RNA AND DNA based
 ATP
 Fullerene structures-CNT
Power supply
 Energy for operation
 Nano circuits with resonant properties
 Electromagnetic energy
 1.7 mA at 3.3V
 Very less loss
 Mobile phone software -protocols