INTRODUCTION TO INVESTMENTS
#1

Presented By
Asst Prof. Arvind Gajakosh

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INTRODUCTION TO INVESTMENTS
Investment is the employment of funds with aim of achieving additional income or growth in value.
It is the allocation of monetary resources to assets that are expected to yield some gain over a period of time.
Investment is a commitment of a person’s funds to derive future income in the form of interest, dividends, rent etc.
The three key aspects of any investment are time, risk & return.
Investing in a house Vs investing in a car
Financial Assets
 Cash
 Bank deposits
 Provident Fund schemes Non Marketable Assets
 LIC Schemes
 Post office Deposits
 Shares
 Bonds Marketable Assets
 G-Secs
Physical Asset
 House
 Land
 Building
 Gold
 Silver
 Consumer durables
Investment Alternatives
 Non marketable Financial Assets
Bank depo, Post office depo
Comp depo, Provident depo
 Money Market Instruments
T-bills, Com-paper, CD (Certificates of Deposits)
 Equity shares
Blue chip shares, Growth shares
Income shares, Cyclical shares, Speculative shares
 Bonds
G-secs, Saving bonds, PSU bonds
Debentures, Preference shares
Investment Alternatives
 Mutual Fund
Equity schemes, Debt schemes, Balanced schemes
 Life Insurance
Endowment assurance policy, Whole life policy
ULIP policy, Term assurance policy
 Real Estate
Agri-land, Semi-urban land, Commercial property
 Precious objects/Metals
Gold & Silvers, Precious stones etc
Financial Derivatives
Futures, Options
 Investment contributes to required demand of capital goods
 It enlarges the production base (installed capital) increases production capacity
 It modernizes production processes and improve the cost effectiveness
 It allows for the production of new and improved products increasing value added in production
 It brings world class innovations & quality standards.
 Rate of return = Annual Income + (Ending Price-Beginning Price)
Beginning Price Beginning Price
(Current Yield + Capital Gain/Loss)
Example: AI = 2.40 EP = 66 BP = 60
then ROR=14% , CY=4%, CG=10%
u Investment Objectives
u A good rate of return in the future
u Reducing risk to get a good return
u Liquidity in time of emergencies
u Safety of funds by selecting the right avenues of investments
Specification of Investment Objectives & Constraints
 Current Income
 Capital appreciation Objectives
 Safety of Principal
 Liquidity
 Time horizon Constraints
 Tax
Choice of the Asset mix
 Concern with the proportions of stocks & bonds
 It depends on the risk tolerance & investment horizon
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