Industrial Monitoring System
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Industrial Monitoring System
INTRODUCTION

Our project is working model which obtains analog data from light, heat, smoke and motion sensors. The Microprocessor convert obtained data from analog to digital and transfer them serially, via a level controller, to the computer server. Afterwards, data received from the computer server is send through Wi-Fi to the computer client to be further analyzed by the user.
These block diagrams summarizes up our project and show the data flow starting from the PIC transmitted serially to PC1 and finally reaching PC2 by means of Wi-Fi.
WI-FI INTRODUCTION
2.1. Definition

Wireless or Wi-Fi technology is another way of connecting your computer to the network without using wires. A wireless card uses electrical waves, like televisions, radios and cell phones. In actuality, communication across network is like being capable to transmit and receive radio signals, so you have the freedom to connect computers anywhere in your home or office network.
Wireless works similar to how cordless phone work, through radio signals to transmit data from one point A to point B. But wireless technology has restrictions as to how you can access the network. You must be within the wireless network range area to be able to connect your computer. There are two different types of wireless networks Wireless Local Area. Network (WLAN), and Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN).
In a wireless local area network, a device called an Access Point (AP) connects computers to the network. The access point has a small antenna attached to it, which allows it to transmit data back and forth over radio signals. With an indoor access point as seen in the picture, the signal can travel up to 300 feet. With an outdoor access point the signal can reach out up to 30 miles to serve places like manufacturing plants, industrial locations, college and high school campuses, airports, golf courses, and many others.
WPAN is a wireless personal area network - a network for interconnecting devices centered around an individual person's workspace - in which the connections are wireless. Typically, a wireless personal area network uses some technology that permits communication within about 10 meters - in other words, a very short range where there is clearly no use of access points.
2.2. DATA TRANSMISSION- RECEPTION
The data is transformed into radio waves using wireless adapter built in almost every modern computers, and transmitted through their little antennas which is sometimes embedded in the circuit, like the antennas found in car keys.
Case1
To send data through Wi-Fi to another computer without using internet all we need is another wireless adapter from another computer at distance not more than 300 feet. As we know in any Operating System there are ports than we can control to apply regulation or to solve security issues. And each computer has a dynamic or static Internet address (IP). To start a connection between two computers, we should at least:
Choose an open port on both computers usually port number above 5000 to be certain that the port is not used by the operating system.
• Select IP of the desired slave that has this format: "XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX".
Case2
To connect to the internet, the computer connect to a router which receive data from various wireless cards and then decode it then sends the decoded data through an Ethernet cable connected to the router and subsequently the information routes its path through the internet to send or all the way around for the computer to receive data from the internet.
2.3. IEEE Standards
If we increase frequency we increase the amount of data transmitted wirelessly. That's why Wi-Fi Radios transmit at 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz which is higher than the frequencies used for mobile or televisions per example.
Nowadays, they use the 802.11 standards by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE (.We list only four standards because other 802.11 standards spotlight on like wide area networks inside cars :
• 802.11a can transmit up to 54MBits/s at a frequency of 5 GHz. The coding technique is orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing, an efficient coding technique that splits radio signals of the wireless adapter into numerous sub-signals before transmission which minimizes interference.
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