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28-08-2017, 06:54 PM

Hi am vipin i would like to get details on indian history malayalam pdf ..My friend Visag said indian history malayalam pdf will be available here and now i am living at uae

jaseela123d · 29-08-2017, 04:10 PM

The history of India includes prehistoric settlements and societies in the Indian subcontinent; The advance of civilization from the Indus Valley civilization to the final blend of Indo-Aryan culture to form the Vedic civilization the rise of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism the beginning of a succession of powerful dynasties and empires for more than three millennia across various geographic areas Areas of the subcontinent, including the growth of Muslim dominions during the medieval period intertwined with Hindu powers the advent of European traders and privateers, resulting in the establishment of British India; And the subsequent independence movement that led to the Partition of India and the creation of the Republic of India.

Considered cradle of civilization, the Indus Valley civilization, which spread and flourished in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent from 3300 to 1300 BC, was the first great civilization in South Asia. A sophisticated and technologically advanced urban culture developed in the late Harappan period, from 2600 to 1900 BC. This civilization collapsed at the beginning of the second millennium BC and was followed by the Vedic Civilization of the Iron Age. The era saw the composition of the Vedas, the seminal texts of Hinduism, unite in Janapadas (state-level monarchical policies), and caste-based social stratification. Later Vedic civilization spread over the Indo-Gangetic Plain and much of the subcontinent as well as witnessed the emergence of major policies known as the Mahajanapadas. In one of these kingdoms, Magadha, Gautama Buddha and Mahavira propagated their Shramanic philosophies during the fifth and sixth century BCE.

Most of the subcontinent was conquered by the Maurya Empire during the fourth and third centuries BC. From the third century BC, prakrit and pali literature in the north and Tamil Sangam literature in southern India began to flourish. Wootz Steel originated in South India in the 3rd century BC and was exported to foreign countries. During the classical period, various parts of India were ruled by numerous dynasties for the next 1,500 years, among which the Gupta Empire stands out. This period, witness of a Hindu religious and intellectual revival, is known as the classic or "Golden Age of India". During this period, aspects of Indian civilization, administration, culture and religion (Hinduism and Buddhism) spread to much of Asia, while the kingdoms of southern India had maritime trade links with the Middle East and Mediterranean. Indian cultural influence spread to many parts of Southeast Asia, which led to the establishment of indianist kingdoms in Southeast Asia (Greater India).

The most significant event between the 7th and 11th century was the tripartite struggle centered on Kannauj which lasted for more than two centuries between the Pala Empire, the Rashtrakuta Empire, and the Gurjara Pratihara Empire. South India saw the emergence of multiple imperial powers from the mid-fifth century, the most notable being the Chalukya, Chola, Pallava, Chera, Pandyan and Western Chalukya empires. The Chola dynasty conquered southern India and successfully invaded parts of Southeast Asia, Sri Lanka, Maldives and Bengal in the 11th century. The early medieval period Indian mathematics influenced the development of mathematics and astronomy in the Arab world and Hindu numbers were introduced.

The Muslim government began in parts of northern India in the 13th century when the Sultanate of Delhi was founded in 1206 AD by the Turks of Central Asia, although previous Muslim conquests made limited incursions into modern Afghanistan and Pakistan as early as the 8th century . The Sultanate of Delhi ruled most of northern India in the early 14th century, but declined in the late 14th century. During this period, continued Hindu resistance led to the emergence of several powerful Hindu states, notably Vijayanagara, Gajapati, Ahom, as well as Rajput states, such as Mewar. The fifteenth century saw the advent of Sikhism. The early modern period began in the 16th century, when the Mughal Empire conquered most of the Indian subcontinent. The Mughal Empire underwent a gradual decline in the early eighteenth century, which provided opportunities for the Maratha Empire, the Sikh Empire and the Kingdom of Mysore to exert control over large areas of the subcontinent.

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