30-12-2017, 04:25 PM
Forest and Vegetation
*According to the forest survey 2015 the total forest cover of the country is 794200 sq km which constitutes 24.16 percent of the geographical area of the country.
*India’s total forest is nearly 2% of the total forest in the world.
*Minimum desired forest area for India is 33%.
*The state having the largest area under forest cover - Madhya Pradesh The state having the lowest area under forest cover - Haryana
*The state having the largest forest area according to percentage (88.93%)
Ans : Mizoram
*The Union Territory having the largest area under forest
Ans : Andaman Nicobar
*The Union Territory having the least area under forest
Ans : Daman and Diu
*The state having the largest area under Mangroove forest
Ans : West Bengal
*The largest producer of sandal wood
Ans : Karnataka
Chipko,Appiko
*The movement that practised the Gandian method of Satyagraha and non-violent resistance to protect the trees from being felled
Ans : The Chipko Movement or Chipko Andolan
*The leader of Chipko Movement
Ans : Sunderlal Bahuguna
*The slogan of the Chipko Movement
Ans : “Ecology is the permanent economy”
*The movement similar to the Chipko movement which was launched in September 1983 by the villagers of the Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka state
Ans : The Appiko movement
*The leader of the appiko movement
Ans : Pandurang Hegde
*The word ‘Appiko’ means ‘hugging’ in Kannada.
*The word chipko refers “to hug”
*Father of Vanamahotsav
Ans : K.M. Munshi
Natural Vegetation
*Types of natural vegetation vary according to climate, soil and altitude.
1.Tropical Evergreen Rain Forests
2.Deciduous or Monsoon Type of Forests
3.Dry Deciduous Forests and Scrubs
4.Semi Desert and Desert Vegetation
5.Tidal or Mangrove Forests
6.Mountain Forests
1.Tropical Evergreen Rain Forests:
*These forests grow in areas where rainfall is more than 200 cm.
*They are mainly found on the slopes of the Western Ghats and the north-eastern regions of Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Assam, Nagaland, the Tarai areas of the Himalayas and the Andaman groups of Islands.
*Forests never shed their leaves. The trees have dense growth. Important varieties of trees are Chaplash, rosewood, mahogany, bamboos , garjan and sandal wood.
2.Deciduous or Monsoon type of Forests:
*These forests are found in areas where the rainfall is between 100cm and 200 cm. These forests grow on the lower slope of the Himalayas, Assam, West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattishgarh, Maharashtra, Karnataka and the adjoining regions
*Forests shed their leaves during dry-winter and dry-summer.
*The main trees are teak, sal, sandalwood, deodar, bluegum, ebony, sisam, jack-fruit, mahua, palash, arjun, khair and bamboo. These forests supply valuable timber.
3.Dry Deciduous Forests and Scrubs:
*These forests grow in areas where the rainfall is between 50 cm and 100 cm.
*These are found in areas of central Deccan plateau, South-east of Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana and parts of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh.
*Most of these areas are used for agriculture.
4.Semi-deserts and Deserts Vegetation:
*These types of vegetation grow in areas where rainfall is less than 50 cm.
*Thorny bushes, acacia babul and sand binding grasses are found here.
*The Indian wild date, known as “Khejur” is common in these deserts.
*These vegetation are found in Rajasthan and parts of Gujarat, Punjab and Karnataka. Tidal or Mangrove Forests:
*These forests grow along the coast and on the edges of the deltas.
*They are called ‘Tidal Forests’ because their dense growth depends upon tidal water which submerges the deltaic lands during high tides.
*They are also known as Littoral Forests. In west Bengal these forests are known as ‘Sundarbans’.
*The ‘Sundri’ is most significant tree in these forests.
*These forests supply timber and fire wood.
Important Wild life Acts
*Wild life Protection Act -1972
*Project Tiger -1973
*Water Pollution Control Act -1974
*Forest Conservation Act -1980
*Indian Forest Act -1980
*Air Pollution Control Act - 1981
*Ministry of Central Forest and Environment - 1985
*Environment Protection Act -1986
*Project Elephant - 1992
