15-12-2017, 09:23 AM
Indian Councils Act of 1861
*It was the beginning of representative institutions by associating Indians in the law making process.
*Lord Canning, the then Viceroy nominated three Indians to his legislative council in 1862.
*It initiated the process of decentralisation.
*The Viceroy was authorised to issue ordinances during emergencies for a maximum period of six months.
*It gave recognition to the ‘Portfolio’ system introduced by Lord Canning in 1859.
Indian Council Act 1909
*This Act is also known as Minto-Morley Reforms.
*Lord Minto was the Viceroy and Morley was the Secretary of State for India.
*It provided for the first time, for the association of Indians with the executive councils of the Viceroy and Governors.
* The father of Communal Electorate in India. - Lord Min to
*Satyendra Prasanna Sinha became the first Indian to become a member of the Viceroy’s Executive Council (1909). He was appointed as the law member.
*It introduced a system of communalrepresentation in India by accepting the concept of separate electorate for Muslims.
Government of India Act 1919
*This Act is popularly known as the Montague- Chelmsford Reforms.
*Montague was the Secretary of State for India and Chelmsford was the Viceroy of India.
*This Act provided the right to vote for women in India.
*It introduced ‘dyarchy’ (oilecDsroo) in provinces by dividing the provincial subjectsinto two parts - transferred and reserved.
*It introduced for the first time bicameralism and direct elections in the country.
*It required that the three of the six members of the. Viceroy’s executive council(Commander-in Chief were to be Indians.
*It extended the principle of communal representation by providing separate electorates for Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo Indians and Europeans.
*It provided for the establishment of a public service commission which was set up in 1926 for recruiting civil servants.
