Implementation Of Semantic Web Activities using Jena Toolkit
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Implementation Of Semantic Web Activities using Jena Toolkit
Abstract:

• This paper investigates the possibility to utilize standardized semantic Web-based languages, such as RDF and OWL. Jena is Java toolkit for developing semantic web applications based on W3C recommendations for RDF and OWL. It provides an RDF API, ARP, an RDF parser, SPARQL, the W3C RDF query language, an OWL API, and rule-based inference for RDFS and OWL. Jena is open source and grown out of work with the HP Labs Semantic Web Program.
Definitions
• The Semantic Web is not a new Web, but an extension of the existing one to make it more understandable to machines.
• The main goal is thus to express semantic information about data formally, so that this information may be processed and used by computers.
• Semantic information may appear as semantic annotations or metadata.
Introduction:
• Jena, an Java based RDF API.
• We need to use jre1.2 or above.
• Jena toolset uses RDF parser, ARP(an Acronym for another RDF Parser).
• It works in Linux, Windows.
• It supports a traditional open-source data sources (e.g., MySQL) and multiple database relational servers.
• The content can be easily stored into XML documents without the layout or even within native XML databases.
Web technologies
OWL [Web Ontology Language]
Layer Conceptual Layer).

RDF[ Resource Description Framework] Layer
XML[Extensible Markup Language] Layer
Ontology
• The word ontology, borrowed from philosophy, represents a set of precisely defined terms (vocabulary) about a specific domain and accepted by this domain’s community.
• An ontology is an abstract model which represents a common and shared understanding of a domain.
– The Web Ontology Language (OWL) belongs to the next category.
– OWL is built upon RDF (Resource Description Framework) extends them to express class properties.
MetaData:
• Metadata is a data about the data.
• The metadata layer offers an extensible framework in order to express simple semantic terms
• (e.g., vocabularies or taxonomies);
• This conceptual model can be use to attach metadata (data about data) to each Web resource;
XML Technologies:
• A meta language that allows you to create and format your own document markups .
• Support for documents with complex structure, and validation of document structure.
• Instead of DTD, an object-oriented method for validation of XML documents can be used: an XML Schema.
• In order to move towards the Semantic Web, there were developed a series of XML-based languages specialized in the modeling of knowledge –
 for example, RDF (Resource Description Framework)
and OWL (Web Ontology Language).
RDF (Resource Description Framework)
• RDF was developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C, 1999)
• RDF syntax was designed to represent information about resources in the World Wide Web.
• RDF provides a common framework for expressing semantic information about data so that it can be exchanged between applications without loss of meaning.
RDF identifies things with Web identifiers
(called Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI).
• DAML(DARPA Agent Markup Language)+OIL(Ontalogy Interchange Language):
• DAML+OIL is a semantic markup language for Web resources.
• The DAML language is being developed as an extension to XML and the Resource Description Framework (RDF).
• DAML+OIL is language for describing ontologies.
• Semantic web is based on the web ontology language at W3C.
• DAML+OIL class is outside DMLModel is the DAMLOntology class.
Jena Model:
• Jena is Java toolkit for developing semantic web applications based on W3C recommendations for RDF and OWL.
Jena’s API architecture focuses on the RDF model.
• A basic RDF/XML document is created by instantiating one of the model classes and adding at least one statement (triple) to it.
• The ModelMem class creates an RDF model in memory.
• It extends ModelCom- the class incorporating common model methods used by all models-and implements the key interface, Model.
• ModelRDB class implemented by Model to store RDF in Relational Database(MySQL , Oracle etc..)
• ModelMem class also helps us to open and manipulate connection to relational database and managing data.
• ModelFactory helps to create new instance of the model.
• These are some of the classes which supports the RDF Memory.
Jena Query:
• Can access data in stored RDF model directly using specific API function calls.
• Or via RDQL (RD Query language).
• Need to instantiate the object called Query.
• Once instantiated object can passed to a query engine.
• The results stored in query result can be retrieved.
• Implementations: QueryResultStream, QueryResultMem, QueryResultFormatter etc..
RDF tripple:
• RDF uses three pieces of information to define any resource.
 Info 1:- Subject
 Info 2:- Property Type.
 Info 3:- Value.
Eg: The title of article is “J2EE ARCHITECTURE”.
• Here article is Subject
• Here title is Property type
• Here J2EE ARCHITECTURE is value.
This is the way we can translate the English statements to RDF.
Example:
<?xml version=“1.0”?>
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf=“http://w3c1999/22-rdf-syntax-ns#”
xmlns:ptcn=“http://burningbird.NET/postcon/elements/1.0”>
<rdfBig Grinescription rdf:about=“http://burningbird.NET/articles/monsters.html”>
<pstcn:author>Shelly Powers</pstcn:author>
<pstcn:title>JEE ARCHITECTURE</pstcn:title>
</rdfBig Grinescription>
</rdf:RDF>
Implementation…
• A simple vcard might look like this in RDF:
• The resource, John Smith, is shown as an elipse.
• Identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), in this case "http://.../JohnSmith".
• Full Name is one of the property here.
• The code to create this graph, or model, is simple:
// some definitions
static String personURI ="http://somewhere/JohnSmith";
static String fullName = "John Smith";
// create an empty Model
Model model = ModelFactory.createDefaultModel();
// create the resource
Resource johnSmith = model.createResource(personURI);
// add the property
johnSmith.addProperty(VCARD.FN, fullName);
Conclusion:
• The main focus of the paper was to use RDF and OWL languages for attaching metadata, and using ontologies to denote knowledge within such a Web-based application.
• Jena is open source.
• Jena API provide the packages to implement the Semantic web application using java.
• Jena improves web-mining, web-searching and support semantic web activities.
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