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What is Coding Theory and What is Cryptography?

The term coding is an overloaded and sometimes misunderstood term. Basically, there are three areas the term coding is associated with.

1. Data Compression: concerned with efficient encoding of source information so that it takes as little space as possible. This is possible by removing redundancy from the data. Source encoding is a part of Information Theory and we won’t be dealing with it in this course.

2. Error-Correcting Codes: concerned with improving reliability of communication over noisy channels. This is achieved by adding redundancy.

3. Cryptography (or Cryptology) is concerned with security, privacy or confidentiality of communication over an insecure channel.
Over the past few decades, the term “coding theory” has become associated predominantly with error correcting codes. A good part of this course will be devoted to coding theory. It is interesting to note that whereas cryptography strives to render data unintelligible to all but the intended recipient, error-correcting codes attempt to ensure data is decodable despite any disruptions introduced by the medium. Data compression and error correction also contrast one another in that the former involves compaction and the latter data expansion.