04-07-2010, 10:56 AM
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hydrogen the future fuel
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04-07-2010, 11:03 AM
send me pls the abstract on the topic hydrogen the future fuel
27-11-2010, 09:45 AM
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Presented by:
GURURAJ.S
INTRODUCTION
The 21st century will be a time of change, though this can probably be said of any century since the invention of the calendar. We can, however, make a pretty safe assumption about what one of those changes will be: The 21st century will see the end of the widespread use of fossil fuels.
Fossil fuels, such as coal and petroleum, are the remains of prehistoric organisms buried beneath the earth's surface millions of years ago and they're in limited supply. Eventually the reserves of these fuels will give out. When this happens and preferably long before this happens , it's important that we find new ways to power our technology. In particular, vehicles that currently use internal combustion engines to burn gasoline or diesel fuel will need to run off new fuels that are less scarce and burn cleaner, reducing or even eliminating pollution.
Over the past three decades there has been considerable effort in the world to develop and introduce alternative transportation fuels to replace conventional fuels such as gasoline and diesel, environmental issues, most notably air pollution and limited availability of conventional fuels are among the principle driving forces behind this movement.
If one tries to find for the definition of perfect fuel, hydrogen probably satisfies most of the desirable characteristics of such a fuel. Plentiful and clean burning, hydrogen has very high energy content.
And therefore, in light of the limited availability of fossil fuels and the rising environmental impact from harmful emissions, we are convinced that the H2 combustion engine will assume an important position
Use of hydrogen as a fuel
The properties of hydrogen that contribute to its use as a combustible fuel are its:
Wide range of flammability.
Low ignition energy.
Small quenching distance.
High auto ignition temperature.
High flame speed at stoichiometric ratios.
High diffusivity.
Very low density.
The combustion of hydrogen with oxygen produces water as its only product:
2H2 + O2 = 2H2O
The combustion of hydrogen with air however can also pro-duce oxides of nitrogen (NOx):
H2 + O2 + N2 = H2O + N2 + NOx
The oxides of nitrogen are created due to the high temperatures generated within the combustion chamber during combustion. This high temperature causes some of the nitrogen in the air to combine with the oxygen in the air.
Hydrogen has a high specific energy, high flame speed, wide range of flammability, and clean burning characteristics which suggest a possibility of high performance in internal combustion engines (ICE).
Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine (HICE)
A HICE operates similarly to a conventional internal combustion engine except that it is powered by hydrogen gas. In addition, a few design modifications are required to ensure that the engine functions appropriately in accordance with the specific characteristics of hydrogen gas.
By using hydrogen as a fuel, greenhouse gases (carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide) are almost completely eliminated in HICE vehicles. Future improvements may also reduce the small amounts of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) produced by HICE engines to near-zero levels. The HICE system also eliminates particulate matter – a dangerous byproduct of both diesel and natural gas engines.
Hydrogen internal combustion engine(HICE)
Advantages:-
Components and design can be very similar to conventional gasoline engines.
Produces no direct carbon emissions from combustion.
Performs well under harsh weather conditions.
Disadvantages:-
The large storage tanks can compromise vehicle cargo space.
Can produce slightly higher nitrogen oxide emissions compared to conventional vehicles.
Hydrogen refuelling infrastructure is limited at this time.
At this moment, the problem with putting pure-hydrogen vehicles on the road is the storage/transportation problem. Hydrogen is a bulky gas, and it is not nearly as easy to work with as gasoline. Compressing the gas requires energy, and compressed hydrogen contains far less energy than the same volume of gasoline. However, solutions to the hydrogen storage problem are surfacing.
For example, hydrogen can be stored in a solid form in a chemical called sodium borohydride, and this technology has appeared in the news recently because Chrysler is testing it. This chemical is created from borax (a common ingredient in some detergents). As sodium borohydride releases its hydrogen, it turns back into borax so it can be recycled.
Current Status
A few auto manufacturers have been doing some work in the development of hydrogen-powered vehicles (Ford has recently announced that they have developed a “production ready” hydrogen-powered vehicle using an ICE and BMW has completed a world tour displaying a dozen or so hydrogen-powered 750i vehicles). However, it is not likely that any hydrogen-powered vehicles will be available to the public until there is an adequate refueling infrastructure and trained technicians to repair and maintain these vehicles.
Like current gasoline-powered vehicles, the design of each hydrogen-powered vehicle will most likely vary from manufacturer to manufacturer and model to model. One model may be simple in design and operation, for example, a lean-burning fuel metering strategy using no emission control systems such as EGR, catalytic converter, evaporate fuel canister, etc. Another model may be very sophisticated in design and operation, for example, using an EGR fuel metering strategy with a catalytic converter, multiple spark plugs, etc.
Until such time that a hydrogen infrastructure exists, hydrogen/natural gas fuel blends provide a logical transition to fully hydrogen-powered vehicles. These vehicles can operate on either fuel, depending on availability.
Presented by:
GURURAJ.S
INTRODUCTION
The 21st century will be a time of change, though this can probably be said of any century since the invention of the calendar. We can, however, make a pretty safe assumption about what one of those changes will be: The 21st century will see the end of the widespread use of fossil fuels.
Fossil fuels, such as coal and petroleum, are the remains of prehistoric organisms buried beneath the earth's surface millions of years ago and they're in limited supply. Eventually the reserves of these fuels will give out. When this happens and preferably long before this happens , it's important that we find new ways to power our technology. In particular, vehicles that currently use internal combustion engines to burn gasoline or diesel fuel will need to run off new fuels that are less scarce and burn cleaner, reducing or even eliminating pollution.
Over the past three decades there has been considerable effort in the world to develop and introduce alternative transportation fuels to replace conventional fuels such as gasoline and diesel, environmental issues, most notably air pollution and limited availability of conventional fuels are among the principle driving forces behind this movement.
If one tries to find for the definition of perfect fuel, hydrogen probably satisfies most of the desirable characteristics of such a fuel. Plentiful and clean burning, hydrogen has very high energy content.
And therefore, in light of the limited availability of fossil fuels and the rising environmental impact from harmful emissions, we are convinced that the H2 combustion engine will assume an important position
Use of hydrogen as a fuel
The properties of hydrogen that contribute to its use as a combustible fuel are its:
Wide range of flammability.
Low ignition energy.
Small quenching distance.
High auto ignition temperature.
High flame speed at stoichiometric ratios.
High diffusivity.
Very low density.
The combustion of hydrogen with oxygen produces water as its only product:
2H2 + O2 = 2H2O
The combustion of hydrogen with air however can also pro-duce oxides of nitrogen (NOx):
H2 + O2 + N2 = H2O + N2 + NOx
The oxides of nitrogen are created due to the high temperatures generated within the combustion chamber during combustion. This high temperature causes some of the nitrogen in the air to combine with the oxygen in the air.
Hydrogen has a high specific energy, high flame speed, wide range of flammability, and clean burning characteristics which suggest a possibility of high performance in internal combustion engines (ICE).
Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine (HICE)
A HICE operates similarly to a conventional internal combustion engine except that it is powered by hydrogen gas. In addition, a few design modifications are required to ensure that the engine functions appropriately in accordance with the specific characteristics of hydrogen gas.
By using hydrogen as a fuel, greenhouse gases (carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide) are almost completely eliminated in HICE vehicles. Future improvements may also reduce the small amounts of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) produced by HICE engines to near-zero levels. The HICE system also eliminates particulate matter – a dangerous byproduct of both diesel and natural gas engines.
Hydrogen internal combustion engine(HICE)
Advantages:-
Components and design can be very similar to conventional gasoline engines.
Produces no direct carbon emissions from combustion.
Performs well under harsh weather conditions.
Disadvantages:-
The large storage tanks can compromise vehicle cargo space.
Can produce slightly higher nitrogen oxide emissions compared to conventional vehicles.
Hydrogen refuelling infrastructure is limited at this time.
At this moment, the problem with putting pure-hydrogen vehicles on the road is the storage/transportation problem. Hydrogen is a bulky gas, and it is not nearly as easy to work with as gasoline. Compressing the gas requires energy, and compressed hydrogen contains far less energy than the same volume of gasoline. However, solutions to the hydrogen storage problem are surfacing.
For example, hydrogen can be stored in a solid form in a chemical called sodium borohydride, and this technology has appeared in the news recently because Chrysler is testing it. This chemical is created from borax (a common ingredient in some detergents). As sodium borohydride releases its hydrogen, it turns back into borax so it can be recycled.
Current Status
A few auto manufacturers have been doing some work in the development of hydrogen-powered vehicles (Ford has recently announced that they have developed a “production ready” hydrogen-powered vehicle using an ICE and BMW has completed a world tour displaying a dozen or so hydrogen-powered 750i vehicles). However, it is not likely that any hydrogen-powered vehicles will be available to the public until there is an adequate refueling infrastructure and trained technicians to repair and maintain these vehicles.
Like current gasoline-powered vehicles, the design of each hydrogen-powered vehicle will most likely vary from manufacturer to manufacturer and model to model. One model may be simple in design and operation, for example, a lean-burning fuel metering strategy using no emission control systems such as EGR, catalytic converter, evaporate fuel canister, etc. Another model may be very sophisticated in design and operation, for example, using an EGR fuel metering strategy with a catalytic converter, multiple spark plugs, etc.
Until such time that a hydrogen infrastructure exists, hydrogen/natural gas fuel blends provide a logical transition to fully hydrogen-powered vehicles. These vehicles can operate on either fuel, depending on availability.
13-02-2011, 08:22 PM
please send me the report of hydrogen the future fuel 
21-04-2011, 04:46 PM
hi
you can see these pages to get the details on hydrogen-the-future-fuel
http://studentbank.in/report-hydrogen-th...uel--11787
http://studentbank.in/report-hydrogen-the-future-fuel
you can see these pages to get the details on hydrogen-the-future-fuel
http://studentbank.in/report-hydrogen-th...uel--11787
http://studentbank.in/report-hydrogen-the-future-fuel
18-10-2012, 01:11 PM
to get information about the topic "hydrogen the future fuel" full report ppt and related topic refer the page link bellow
http://studentbank.in/report-hydrogen-th...e=threaded
http://studentbank.in/report-hydrogen-th...uel--11787
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