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HYDRO POWER PLANT

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Presented by:
RITEE

CHHATTISGARH SWAMI VIVEKANAND TECHINICAL UNIVERSITY , BHILAI

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INTRODUCTION
HYDRO POWER
1) One of the most widely used renewable source of energy for generating electricity on large scale basis is hydropower
2) The power obtained from river or ocean water is called as hydropower
3) Hydropower is the renewable source of energy since water is available in large quantities from rain, rivers, and oceans and this is will be available for unlimited time to come



TYPES OF HYDRO POWER PLANT
1) Water wheels
2) Hydro power plants
3) Wave energy from oceans
4) Tidal energy
5) Damless hydro power



Based on Quantity of Water Available
1) Run-off river hydro plants with pond
2) Run-off river hydro plants with pond
3) Reservoir hydroelectric power plants



Based on the Head of Water Available
1) Low head hydroelectric power plants
2)Medium head hydroelectric power plants
3) High head hydroelectric power plants



Based on the Nature of Load
1) Base load hydroelectric power plants
2) Peak load hydroelectric power plants




PRINCIPLE OF HYDRO POWER PLANT
WATER CYCLE
The continuous cycle in which water changes from water vapor in the atmosphere to liquid water through condensation and precipitation and then back to water vapor through evaporation, transpiration, and respiration



Water cycle in nature:
Water surface evaporation
Precipitation of clouds
Collected back to the oceans



Water energies: Kinetic energy , Potential energy

PROCESS / STAGES
1) Water in reservoir
2) Fall in turbine blade
3) Shaft rotation
4) Electric generation
5) Flow back of water


COMPONENT AND WORKING OF HYDRO POWER PLANT
1) Dam
What is dam
Location



Classification of dams
Storage dams
Diversion dams
Detention dams
Overflow dams
Rockfill dams
Gravity dams



Storage dams
To impound water
Purpose - Irrigation
- Flood control
- Power generation



Diversion dams
For diversion
To provide sufficient pressure


Detention dams
To Minimize the effect of sudden floods
To trap sediment



Overflow dams
They carry water discharge over their crests


Rockfill dams
Rock instead of earth
Embankment dams hold back water by the force of gravity acting upon their mass


Gravity dams
Most gravity dams are made from concrete, a mixture of port land cement, water, and aggregates
They are much thicker at the base than the top




2) Water reservoir
Place behind the dam
Height of water
Potential energy



3) Intake or control gates
Gates inside of the dam.
Inlet gates



4) The penstock
To carries the water
Controlled by the control gates



5) Water turbines
Convert HYDROLIC energy to MECHANICAL energy


6) Generators
Convert MECHANICAL energy in ELECTRICAL energy
7) Transformer