HVDC LIGHT, A TOOL FOR TRANSMISSION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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HVDC LIGHT, A TOOL FOR TRANSMISSION OF ELECTRIC POWER
INTRODUCTION

 HVDC light is high voltage direct current transmission system based on solid state voltage source technology.
 Utilizes most advanced power electronics and semiconductors.
 Power is transmitted via underground/undersea cables.
 More efficient way of transmitting power over distances above ~50km.
 HVDC light installations
 HVDC light converter station
Power transformer
 The transformer is an ordinary single phase or three phase with a tap changer on the secondary side
 The filter bus voltage will be controlled with the tap changer to achieve the maximum active and reactive power from the converter
 The current in the transformer winding contains hardly any harmonics and is not exposed to any dc voltage
 The transformer may be provided with a tertiary winding to feed the station auxiliary power system
Converter reactors
 The main purposes of the converter reactors are
 To provide low-pass filtering of the PWM pattern to give the desired fundamental frequency voltage
 To provide active and reactive power control
 To limit the short circuit currents
DC capacitors
 The primary objective of the valve dc side capacitor is to provide a low inductance path for the turned off current and also to serve as an energy store
 It reduces the harmonic ripple on the direct voltage
 The ability to limit the dc voltage variations caused by the disturbances in the system depends on the size of the dc side capacitor
 AC filters
Example of an HVDC light ac filter
Valves-The IGBT position
 IGBT is the semiconductor used in HVDC light
 To increase the power handling,six IGBT chips and three diode chips are connected in parallel in a sub-module
 The IGBT has two,four or six sub-modules, which determine the current rating of the IGBT
 A complete IGBT position consists of an IGBT,a gate unit,a voltage divider and a water cooled heat sink
 The gate driving electronics control the gate voltage and current at turn on and turn off
 The voltage across the IGBT is measured and the information is sent to the valve control unit through an optical fibre
 The voltage divider connected across the IGBT provides the current needed to drive the gate
 IGBT with four and six sub-modules
Valve function
 To switch voltages higher than the rated voltage of one IGBT,several positions are connected in series in each valve
 Each IGBT position can be individually regulated in the valve to the correct voltage level
 The flexibility of the IGBT makes it possible to block the current immediately if a short circuit is detected
 Mechanical design of valves
 Valve cooling system
 It consists of water cooled heat sinks which provides high efficiency cooling
 The water is circulating through the heat sink in close contact with each IGBT,which efficiently transports the heat away from the semiconductor
 The water passes continuously through a de-ionizing system to keep the conductivity of the water low
 VSC technology based on PWM
HVDC Cables
Advantages of HVDC cables

 HVDC light cables are installed close in bipolar pairs with anti parallel currents and thus eliminating the magnetic fields
 They have no technical limitation for distance as in ac cables
 Its strength and flexibility makes it well suited for several installation conditions
 Control of active and reactive power
 The fundamental base apparent power at the filter bus between the Converter reactor and the ac filter is ,
Sb= P+jQ= Ö3.Uf.IR
 The active and reactive components are
P=UF.UC. sin d
wL
Q=UF.(UF –UC). cos d
wL
 Active power flow
If UC is in phase lag,the
active power flows from
ac to dc side(rectifier)‏
If UC is in phase lead,the
active power flows from
dc to ac side
 Reactive power flow
Features
 Independent control of active and reactive power
 Independent power transfer and power quality control
 Power reversal
 Reduced power losses in connected ac systems
 Increased transfer capacity in the existing system
 Fast restoration after blackouts
 Flexibility in design
 No relevant magnetic fields
 Low environmental impact
 Indoor design
 Short time schedule
Applications
 Wind power generation
 Multi terminal dc grid
 Interconnecting networks
 Islanded operation
 City infeed
Reliability and Quality
 To assure high reliability and availability,the HVDC light principles include
 1.Simple station design
 2.Use of components with proven high reliability
 3.Automatic supervision
 4.Use of back up control systems and equipment such as measurements,pumps etc
Maintainability
 Quality assurance/standards
 Converter control
 Current control
 Current order control
 PQU order control
Protective actions and effects
 Transient current limiter
 Permanent blocking
 AC circuit breaker trip
 Set lockout of the ac circuit breaker
 Pole isolation
 Start breaker failure protection
Conclusions
 Opportunity to transmit small scale power long distances via cable
 Opportunity to connect to passive load
 Separate control of active and reactive power
 No contribution to short circuit currents
 No need of fast communication
 Opportunity to operate without transformers
 Small and compact
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HVDC LIGHT, A TOOL FOR TRANSMISSION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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