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Low-cost housing : Common mistakes in construction

Civil engineering has made a vast progress
with the development of new materials and
sophisticated techniques of construction.
Quality control, time saving and reliability
have become the motto of civil engineering.
But, the construction of low-cost residential
buildings in India is dominated by the
use of labour-intensive technique of construction.
There is not much improvement
in the quality of construction due to the
following reasons:
• old traditional techniques of construction
are on-going as they are
cheaper and facilitate the
contractors
• cheap labour attracts the local contractors
as advanced machines are
costly
• old techniques of construction involve
more labour than machines
• about 50 percent of contractors
have not undergone civil engineering
education
The following construction mistakes are
observed and overlooked during the
construction phase of residential buildings.
• The cement-sand mix in the mortar
Low-cost housing : Common mistakes in
construction
and brick masonry is made quite
early, prior to its use and in larger
quantities than required
• The construction materials like
sand, bricks, aggregates, etc, are not
washed and are full of deleterious
material and dust
• Compaction of bottom strata in
foundation work is not carried out
• During concreting of footings, the
concrete is poured at a height
greater than 1 m. Generally,
trapezoidal footings are resorted to,
where concrete is never vibrated
• Reinforced concrete (RC) columns,
being an important part of the structure,
are neither mechanically vibrated
nor machine mixed. They are
cast in short lifts with increased
number of joints
• Cover to reinforcement in columns,
beams and slabs is insufficient
• Misalignment of columns at foundation
level and rectification at
higher level, leading to eccentric
loading
• RC coping at plinth level being an
important barrier to dampness is
never densely cast