12-10-2010, 01:26 PM
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Introduction
Obstacle detection and avoidance robots are intelligent robots which can perform desired tasks in unstructured environments by finding and overcoming obstacles in their way without continuous human guidance.
In robotics, obstacle avoidance is the task of satisfying some control objective subject to non-intersection or non-collision position constraints. Normally obstacle avoidance is considered to be distinct from path planning in that one is usually implemented as a reactive control law while the other involves the pre-computation of an obstacle-free path which a controller will then guide a robot along. A practical real-time system for passive obstacle detection and avoidance is presented.
IR Pair is used as sensor to detect the presence of objects. IR leds are used for detecting objects. These two leds are capable of transmitting and receiving IR respectively..
In this project mainly when ever robot senses any obstacle automatically diverts its position to left or right and follows the path. Robot consists of two motors, which control the side pair wheels of each and help in moving forward and backward direction. Robot senses the object with help of obstacle sensor. IR pair is used for detecting the obstacle. The two basic parts for working with IR are the emitter and the detector. The emitter is typically an LED that emits near-infrared light.
In this project we develop a robot such that it will be moving according to path assigned to it if at all there is any obstacle in between then the robot stops and change its direction. This sort of project is very much useful in the industries where the automated supervision is required.
Introduction of the project:
A robot obstacle detection system comprising: a robot housing which navigates with respect to a surface; a sensor subsystem having a defined relationship with respect to the housing and aimed at the surface for detecting the surface, the sensor subsystem including: an optical emitter which emits a directed beam having a defined field of emission, and a photon detector having a defined field of view which intersects the field of emission of the emitter at a finite region; and a circuit in communication with the detector for redirecting the robot when the surface does not occupy the region to avoid obstacles.
Obstacle sensors are nothing but the IR pair. As the transmitter part travel IR rays from to receiver here also transmitter send the data receiver but these IR pair are places beside each other. So whenever the a obstacle senor got a obstacle in between its way the IR rays reflects in a certain angle. As they are placed side by each.
