ground improvement technique
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What is ground improvement technique?
Ground improvement technique is the process of improving the geo-technical characteristics of soil used in construction
TYPES OF GROUND IMPROVEMENT TECHNIQUES
 COMPACTION PILE
 BLASTING
 PRE-COMPRESSION
 STONE COLUMN
 VIBROFLOATATION
 GROUTING
 ELECTRO OSMOSIS
 THERMAL TREATMENT
GROUTING
Grouting is a process where by fluid like material, either in suspension or in solution form are injected into subsurface soil or rock to achieve a decrease in permeability and compressibility AIMS OF GROUTING
 To decrease the permeability.
 To increase the shear strength.
 To decrease the compressibility
GROUT PROVES MORE EFFECTIVE IN THE FOLLOWING CASES
 When the foundation has to be constructed below ground water table.
 When there is difficult to the foundation level (ex: city work, tunnel shafts,sewers, subway construction).
 When the geometric dimensions of the foundations are complicated and involved many boundaries and contact zones.
 When the adjacent structure require that the soil of the foundation strata should not be excavated
CLASSIFICATION OF GROUT MATERIALS
 SUSPENSION GROUT
 EMULSION GROUT
 SOLUTION GROUT
EMULSION GROUT
 These consists of emulsion of colloidal droplets of liquid in a dispersed phase.
Ex: Bitumen, foams created by emulsifying a gas into cement etc.
TYPES OF GROUTING
 JET GROUTING
The ASCE Geotechnical Engineering Division Committee on grouting defined Jet grouting as a “technique utilizing a special drill bit with horizontal and vertical high speed water jets to excavate alluvial soils and produce hard impervious column by pumping grout through the horizontal nozzles that jets and mixes with foundation material as the drill bit is with drawn”.
Advantages
 Nearly all soil types grout able
 Designable strength & permeability
 No harmful vibrations
 Can be performed in limited workspace
 Maintenance free
 Safest method of under pinning construction
 Much faster than alternative method
GROUTING CONTROL
 Monitoring the grout taken as a function of pressure
 Observing ground heave
 Digging inspection pits
 Retrieving Core samples for examination and laboratory testing
 Conducting borehole permeability tests.
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