[attachment=6068]

---

ABSTRACT

The world is in serious danger of approaching an energy famine with in a few decades unless sources of long-term salvation are developed. Researchers and engineers are vigorously searching to find out the solution of one of grave crisis confronting mankind that of finding abundant energy and of simultaneously reducing the terrifying degree of pollution associated with the combustion of huge quantities of fossil fuels on which we are now so dependant for our social needs.
There are of course other green resources available of which hydropower is perhaps very important.
•At present we are using only about 1/6th of estimated total world hydro resources that are technically usable and about 25% of world’s electricity needs are contributed from this source.
•Then there is a solar energy ‘-inexhaustible & abundant, but its diffuseness at present renders it difficult to harness on the required grand scale. Electrical power can be generated from sun’s rays in two ways: - Solar cells that produce low levels of DC power as result of sun’s rays striking certain materials like silicon. - A solar heater that consists of a system of mirrors that concentrates the rays of sun from a large area on to a vessel in to which air or water circulates.
•Geothermal energy has been used for electricity production since 1904 in Italy and since that time there is a steady expansion of this resource on a worldwide basis with 7950 MW of install capacity in 1998. •Tidal, wind, wave power and solar energy are all renewable sources that should be encouraged.
•Tomorrow the resources earth heat, nuclear power and gas hydrate may well become the best hopes for survival of civilization.
•Of the renewable sources, bio-mass holds special promise both because of the built in energy storage, as well as its ability to be converted into any fuel/energy form with reasonable efficiency