FPGA is a reconfigurable IC implementation and its role in the electronics prototyping is increasing. The FPGA has now entered the giga-scale era. The current status and the future trends of the giga-scale FPGA is discussed in this article. The FPGA based on the new developing technologies such as the asynchronous FPGA, 3-dimensional FPGA, memristor based nanoFPGA, and embedding-module FPGA etc are also discussed. across the entire domain of electronic system design, the FPGA is used ads a major component. The applications spans areas such as communications, computer, consumer, industrial etc. The transistor feature size is scaling down to 32nm and 22nm and hence the FPGA has entered the nano- and Gigascale era. The design issues arising with the size reduction also must be addressed. The clock skew must be kept within the required margins. The signal integrity is also an issue. Increasing transistor density also increases the power consumption. 60-70% of the power is consumed by the interconnects present in the FPGA. Solutions to the above challenges is provided by (1)asynchronous FPGA: with benefits such as agility brought about by modularity, close to zero latency, electromagnetic compatibility and low power consumption. (2) 3-D FPGA: issues of signal transmission speed, packaging density etc can be solved.
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