DC motors are found everywhere: electronics, toys, fans, tools, disks, pumps, etc. DC Motor is an actuator that converts DC supply to rotation or movement. There are different types of DC motors: brushed DC motor, brushless DC motor, DC motor with gearbox, servo motor, stepper motor and linear DC actuator.
Different types of motors are used in different applications such as robotics, precision positioning, industrial automation, etc. Generally, when a DC motor is associated with any microcontroller based system, it is often connected using a Motor Driver IC. An IC Motor Driver provides the current necessary for the engine to run. You can also control the direction of rotation.
In this project, a speed and direction control based on Arduino DC motor has been designed without using Motor Driver IC. A DC motor can not be connected to a microcontroller since the output current of the microcontroller is very small and can not power the motor.
Therefore, we use transistors to form an H-bridge to power the motor. The circuit diagram, the description and its operation are mentioned below.
Circuit diagram