Fundamentals of cutting

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Introduction :

Cutting process : Remove material from the surface of the work piece by producing chips

Turning operation : the work piece is rotated an a cutting tool removes a layer of material as it moves to the left

Cutting off: Cutting tool moves radially inwards and separated the right piece from the back of the blank.

Slab-milling rotating cutting tool removes a layer of material from the surface of the work piece

End-milling rotating cutter travels along a certain depth in the work piece and produces a cavity

Mechanics of chip formation :

Orthogonal cutting
Rake angle – Alpha
Relief angle ( clearance angle)
Shear angle ( Pi)
Thickness of a chip – Tc
Depth of cut- T0
Cutting ratio r = To / Tc
= Sin Pi / Cos ( pi- Alpha )