The rapid improvement in silicon technology has enables the electronic industry to progress steadily over the past 50 years.

It is this technological stride that make computers to shrink in cost and size .But a question still persists whether the present rate of progress will continue for the next 50 years. The essential ingredient to the progress had been the process of miniaturization.

The road to advances beyond a decade into the future has always been obscure and has stimulated many speculations as to where miniaturization must end. The problems and their solutions rising from the continued miniaturization are examined in the perspective of the fundamental limits imposed by nature.

An understanding of the fundamental limits is important, since we can shape the chips in such a way that in future we get better computational speed and efficiency..