Fuel Injection Pressure Effect on Performance of Direct Injection Diesel Engines Base
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Fuel Injection Pressure Effect on Performance of Direct Injection Diesel Engines Based on Experiment
Abstract
Ever increasing rate in the production of fuel injection vehicles and the significance of decreasing the pollutions in nature trigger numerous researches in optimizing the fuel injection system and recognizing the fuel behavior as well as the process of preparation of mixtures in the inlet port of fuel injection vehicles. Fuel injection pressures in diesel engine plays an important role for engine performance obtaining treatment of combustion. In the present study diesel engines such as fuel direct injection method is used. The pressures can be increased about 100 – 200 Mpa in fuel pump injection system. The experimental investigation on effects of fuel injection pressure on engine performance is carried out. Experiments have been performed on a diesel engine with four-cylinder, two-stroke, direct injection system. Engine performance values such as indicated pressure, indicated horse power, shaft horse power, brake horse power, break mean effective pressure and fuel consumption have been investigated both of variation engine speeds - fixed load and fixed engine speed variation loads by changing the fuel injection pressure from 180 to 220 bar. According to the results, the best performance of the pressure injection has been obtained at 220 bar, specific fuel consumption has been obtained at 200 bar for fixed load variation speeds and at 180 bar for variation loads fixed speed. The results of the experiment have given as graphics in this paper.
1. INTRODUCTION
The purpose of internal combustion engines is the production of mechanical power from the chemical energy contained in the fuel. In internal combustion engines, as distinct from external combustion engines, this energy is released by burning or oxidizing the fuel inside the engine. The fuel-air mixture before combustion and the burned products after combustion are the actual working fluids. The work transfers which provide the desired power output occur directly between these working fluids and the mechanical components of the engine. The diesel engine is a type of internal combustion engine; more specifically, it is a compression ignition engine, in which the fuel ignited solely by the high temperature created by compression of the air-fuel mixture [1, 14, 15]. In compression-ignition engines, air alone is inducted into the cylinder. The fuel is injected directly into the engine cylinder just before the combustion process is required to start. Load control is achieved by varying the amount of fuel injected each cycle; the air flow at a given engine speed is essentially unchanged. There are a great variety of CI engine designs in use in a wide range of applications-automobile, truck, locomotive, marine, power generation. The engine operates using the diesel cycle. The diesel engine is more efficient than the petrol engine, since the spark-ignition engine consumes more fuel than the compression-ignition engine [1, 10, and 14]. The used of diesel engines have extended in the last years to vehicles area due to their high efficiency also by economic fuel cost [2, 3]. In present diesel engines, fuel injection systems have designed to obtain higher injection pressure. So, it is aimed to decrease the exhaust emissions by increasing efficiency of diesel engines. When fuel injection pressure is low, fuel particle diameters will enlarge and ignition delay period during the combustion will increase [2 - 9]. This situation leads to increase pressure. Engine performance will be decrease since combustion process goes to a bad condition. When injection pressure increased of fuel particle diameters will become small. Since formation of mixing of fuel to air becomes better during ignition period, engine performance will be increase. If injection pressure is too higher, ignition delay period becomes shorter. Possibilities of homogeneous mixing decrease and combustion efficiency falls down [2, 9].
The fuel injection system in a direct injection diesel engine is to achieve a high degree of atomization in order to enable sufficient evaporation in a very short time and to achieve sufficient spray penetration in order to utilize the full air charge. The fuel injection system must be able to meter the desired amount of fuel, depending on engine speed and load, and to inject that fuel at the correct time and with the desired rate. Further on, depending on the particular combustion chamber, the appropriate spray shape and structure must be produced. Usually, a supply pump draws the fuel from the fuel tank and carries it through a filter to the high-pressure injection pump, see Fig. 1.
Dependent on the area of application and engine size, pressures between 100 and 200 MPa generated. The high pressures injection pump carries the fuel through high-pressure pipes to the injection nozzles in the cylinder head [12]. Excess fuel transported back into the fuel tank. The functionality of the so-called unit pump system is practically identical to that of the unit injector system and offers the same advantages and disadvantages. However, the pump and nozzle not combined into one unit. The camshaft driven a high pressure pump and thus directly coupled with the engine speed. The injection nozzle is located inside a so-called nozzle holder in the cylinder head and connected via a high-pressure pipe with the pump. An advantage of this system is that the pump and nozzle not installed at the same place. This reduces the size of the components that have integrated into the cylinder head and simplifies the assembly of the injection system [12].
Effects of injection pressure on engine performance have investigated on a unit pump system direct injection diesel engine. The diesel engine performance and fuel consumption have been measured both of variation engine speeds - fixed load and fixed engine speed – variation loads by changing the fuel injection pressure. In the investigation is the effect of injection pressure in fixed load – variation engine speeds and fixed engine speed – variation engine loads in the fuel injection pressures are setting from 180 – 220 bar.
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