friction stir welding seminar report pdf
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[b] friction stir welding seminar report[/b]
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Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid state joining process that uses a non-consumable tool to join two opposing work pieces without melting the workpiece material. The heat is generated by the friction between the rotating tool and the material of the workpiece, which leads to a softened region near the tool FSW. While the tool is traversed along the line of union, it mechanically intermixes the two pieces of metal and forges the hot metal and softened by the mechanical pressure applied by the tool, as well as the union of the clay or the mass. It is mainly used in forged or extruded aluminum and particularly for structures that require a very high welding resistance. FSW is also found in modern naval constructions, trains and aerospace applications.

It was experimentally invented and tested at The Welding Institute (TWI) in the United Kingdom in December 1991. TWI held patents on the process, the first being the most descriptive.

Operating principle

A rotating cylindrical tool with a profiled probe is inserted into a butt joint between two clamped work pieces, until the shoulder, which has a larger diameter than the pin, touches the surface of the work pieces. The probe is slightly shorter than the required welding depth, with the shoulder of the tool mounted on the work surface. After a short dwell time, the tool moves forward along the joining line at the pre-set welding speed.

Frictional heat is generated between the wear resistant tool and the work pieces. This heat, together with that generated by the mechanical mixing process and the adiabatic heat within the material, makes the stirred materials soften without melting. As the tool progresses, a special profile on the probe forces the plasticized material from the front to the back, where high forces help forged weld consolidation.

This process of the tool that traverses the welding line on a tubular plasticized metal shaft results in severe deformation in the solid state which involves dynamic recrystallization of the base material.
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