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05-11-2017, 09:11 AM

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jaseela123d · 07-11-2017, 11:57 AM

Java is a general-purpose computer language that is concurrent, class-based, object-oriented and specifically designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible. Its goal is to allow application developers to "write once, run anywhere" (WORA) which means that compiled Java code can be executed on all platforms that support Java without the need to recompile it. Java applications are usually compiled in bytecode that can be run on any Java virtual machine (JVM) regardless of the architecture of the computer. As of 2016 Java is one of the most popular programming languages in use, especially for client-server web applications, with 9 million reported developers. Java was originally developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems (which was later acquired by Oracle Corporation) and launched in 1995 as a core component of the Sun Microsystems Java platform. The language derives much of its C and C ++ syntax, but it has less low-level facilities than any of them.

The original Java compilers and reference implementation, virtual machines and class libraries were originally released by Sun under proprietary licenses. As of May 2007, in accordance with the specifications of the Java Community Process, Sun re-licensed most of its Java technologies under the GNU General Public License. Others have also developed alternative implementations of these Sun technologies, such as the GNU Compiler for Java (compiler of byte codes), GNU Classpath (standard libraries) and IcedTea-Web (browser plug-in for applets).

The latest version is Java 9, released on September 21, 2017, and is one of the two versions currently supported for free by Oracle. The versions prior to Java 8 are compatible both by Oracle and by other companies on a commercial basis. Java uses an automatic garbage collector to manage memory in the life cycle of the object. The programmer determines when the objects are created, and the Java runtime is responsible for recovering the memory once the objects are no longer used. Once there are no references to an object, the unreachable memory can be automatically released by the garbage collector. Something similar to a memory leak can still occur if a programmer's code contains a reference to an object that is no longer needed, usually when objects that are no longer needed are stored in containers that are still in use. If methods are invoked for a nonexistent object, a "null pointer exception" is thrown.

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