free download of paper battery abstract in ieee
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A paper drum is a flexible and ultra-thin energy storage and production device formed by combining carbon nanotubes with a conventional cellulose-based paper sheet. A paper battery acts as a high-energy battery and a supercapacitor, combining two components that are separate in traditional electronics. This combination allows the battery to provide long-term, constant power output and power bursts. Non-toxic and flexible paper batteries have the potential to power the next generation of electronic devices, medical devices and hybrid vehicles, allowing radical new designs and medical technologies.


Paper batteries can be folded, cut or otherwise shaped for different applications without loss of integrity or efficiency. Cutting one in half reduces your energy output by half. Stacking them multiplies the output power. The first prototypes of the device are capable of producing 2.5 volts of electricity from a sample the size of a postage stamp.

The devices are formed by combining cellulose with an infusion of aligned carbon nanotubes that are approximately one millionth of a centimeter thick. Carbon is what gives the batteries their black color. These tiny filaments act as the electrode s found in a traditional battery, conducting electricity when the paper comes into contact with an ionic liquid solution. Ionic liquids do not contain water, which means that there is nothing to freeze or evaporate under extreme environmental conditions. As a result, paper batteries can run between -75 and 150 degrees Celsius.

A method of manufacture, developed by scientists from the Polytechnic Institute Rensselaer and MIT, begins with the cultivation of the nanotubes on a silicon substrate and then impregnating the voids in the matrix with cellulose. Once the matrix has dried, the material can be detached from the substrate, exposing one end of the carbon nanotubes to act as an electrode. When two sheets are combined, with the cellulose sides facing inward, a supercapacitor is formed which can be activated by the addition of the ionic liquid. This fluid acts as an electrolyte and can include salt-laden solutions such as human blood, sweat, or urine. The high content of cellulose (more than 90%) and the lack of toxic chemicals in paper batteries makes the device biocompatible and environmentally friendly, especially when compared to the traditional lithium ion battery used in Many current electronic and portable devices.
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