Fluid mechanics is a branch of physics related to the mechanics of fluids (liquids, gases and plasmas) and the forces on them. Fluid mechanics has a wide range of applications, including mechanical engineering, civil engineering, chemical engineering, geophysics, astrophysics and biology. Fluid mechanics can be divided into a fluid static, study of resting fluids; And the dynamics of fluids, the study of the effect of forces on the movement of the fluid. It is a branch of the mechanics of the continuum, a subject that models matter without using information that is made of atoms; That is, it models the matter from a macroscopic point of view and not from a microscopic point of view. Fluid mechanics, especially fluid dynamics, is an active field of research with many problems that are partly or totally unresolved. Fluid mechanics can be mathematically complex, and can best be solved by numerical methods, usually using computers. A modern discipline, called Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), is dedicated to this approach to solve problems of fluid mechanics. Particle image velocimetry, an experimental method for visualizing and analyzing fluid flow, also takes advantage of the highly visual nature of fluid flow.
The study of fluid mechanics dates back at least to the days of ancient Greece, when Archimedes investigated static and fluid buoyancy and formulated his famous law now known as Archimedes' principle, which was published in his work On Floating Bodies The first major work on fluid mechanics. Rapid advancement in fluid mechanics began with Leonardo da Vinci (observations and experiments), Evangelist Torricelli (invented barometer), Isaac Newton (investigated viscosity) and Blaise Pascal (investigated hydrostatics, formulated Pascal's law) and was Continued by Daniel Bernoulli with Introduction of the mathematical dynamics of fluids in Hydrodynamica (1738).
The viscous flow was analyzed later by several mathematicians (Leonhard Euler, Jean Rond d'Alembert, Joseph Louis Lagrange, Pierre-Simon Laplace, Siméon Denis Poisson) and the viscous flow was explored by a multitude of engineers including Jean Léonard Marie Poiseuille And Gotthilf Hagen. Claude-Louis Navier and George Gabriel Stokes in the Navier-Stokes equations, and the boundary layers (Ludwig Prandtl, Theodore von Kármán) were investigated, while several scientists like Osborne Reynolds, Andrey Kolmogorov and Geoffrey Ingram Taylor advanced the understanding of the Viscosity of the fluid and turbulence.
