Presented by:
Dick Steflik

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Abstract
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network protocol used to copy a file from one host to another over a TCP/IP-based network, such as the Internet. FTP is built on a client-server architecture and utilizes separate control and data connections between the client and server.[1] FTP users may authenticate themselves using a clear-text sign-in protocol but can connect anonymously if the server is configured to allow it.
The first FTP client applications were interactive command-line tools and were not very user-friendly, despite implementing standard commands and syntax. GUI (graphical user interface) clients, which are much easier to learn and use, have been developed for many of the popular desktop operating systems in use today.

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File Transfer Protocol
INTRODUCTION
 What is FTP?
 Network Protocol
 Exchange files over any network that supports the TCP/IP protocol
 Client-Server Architecture
 Separate Data and Control connections
 User based password authentication or anonymous user access
 PROTOCOL OVERVIEW
PROTOCOL OVERVIEW
 Client to Server on TCP Port 21 – Control Connection
 Commands
 Identifications
 Passwords
 Interrupt Messages
 Client to Server or vice-versa on TCP Port 20 – Data Connection
 Actual File Transfer
 Out-of-Bound Protocol
CONTROL CONNECTION
 Bi-directional
 Initiated by Client
 DATA CONNECTION
 Uni-directional
 Can be initiated by both client and server
 PROTOCOL OVERVIEW
 FTP uses TCP as a Transport Protocol
 The FTP Server, running FTP Server software, listens on the network
 The Client computer, running FTP Client software, initiates connection
 FTP only opens a data connection when a client issues a command requiring a data transfer
 Possible for an entire FTP session to open and close without a data connection ever having been opened.
CONNECTION MODES
 Active Mode
 Client sends Server the IP Address & Port Number
 Passive Mode
 Client is behind firewall
 Server sends client an IP Address and Port Number
 Active mode
• Passive mode
FILE STRUCTURE
 OS stores files in different structures
 FTP defines file structures for different files
 File F Unstructured, sequence of bytes
 Record R Series of records
 Page P Series of data blocks (pages)
 Default File Structure is F
 Specified using STRU command
TRANSMISSION MODES
 Stream Mode
 Data sent as a continuous stream
 All processing left to TCP
 End-of-File Indicator not required
 Blocked Mode
 FTP breaks data into several blocks
 Compressed Mode
 Data compressed using a single algorithm

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