SUBMITTED BY-
SONIA SINGLA

---

[attachment=11488]
FACE RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY
INTRODUCTION TO FACE RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY
Face recognition is a form of computer vision that uses faces to attempt to identify a person or verify person’s claimed identity.
FACE RECOGNITION SYSTEM COMES UNDER BIOMETRICS
BIOMETRICS
Any automatically measurable , robust, and distinctive physical characteristic or personal trait that can be used to identify an individual or verify the claimed identity of the individual are called ‘biometrics’.
 based on human characteristics-
PHYSIOLOGICAL : face, iris, fingerprint
BEHAVIORAL : voice , signature

CLASSIFICATION
A biometrics system can be either an identification system or verification (authentication) sysem;
 IDENTIFICATION: ONE TO MANY - (1 to N)
find out who is ‘X’
 VERIFICATION : ONE TO ONE - (1 to 1)
answer the question is this ‘x’
ADVANTAGE OF BIOMETRICS
Usually verification in computer systems is done
based on measures like keys , cards , PIN and
Passwords . But these can be forgotten , destroyed disclosed or changed. A reliable and an accurate
Identification/verification is designed using ‘BIO-
METRICS ‘ technologies.
Biometrics are preferred over traditional passwords and PIN based technologies because-
 The person to be identified is required to be physically present at the time of identification.
 Identification based on biometrics technologies obviates the need to remember a password.
FACE RECOGNITION SYSTEMS
Face recognition systems are computer programs that are used for automatically
identifying a person.
Every face has numerous distinguishable landmarks,the different peaks and valleys that make up facial features.
Face recognition technology
measures -
 Distance between the eyes.
 width of nose.
 depth of eye socket.
 the shape of the cheekbones.
 the length of the jaw line.
input face image

face feature matching decision maker
database
output
Facial Recognition: Eigen face
Decompose face images into a small set of characteristic feature images.
A new face is compared to these stored images.
A match is found if the new faces is close to one of these images.
FACE RECOGNITION IS A FIVE STEP PROCESS
STEP 1 : ACQUIRING THE IMAGE
OF AN INDIVIDUAL’S
FACE.
there are two ways to acquire an image
a) Digitally scan an existing photograph.
b) acquire a live picture.
STEP 2 : LOCATE IMAGE OF FACE.
software is used to locate the faces in the image that has been obtained.
STEP 3 : ANALYSIS OF FACIAL IMAGE
 software measures face according to its peaks and valleys (nodal points).
 focuses on the inner region of the face .
STEP 4 : COMPARISON
the face print created by the software is compared to all face prints the system has stored in its database.
STEP 5 : MATCH OR NOT MATCH
software decides whether or not any comparison from step 4 are close enough to declare a possible match or not ?
WORKING
FEATURES OF FACE RECOGNITION SYSTEM
ENROLLMENT OF ALL INDIVIDUALS
IDENTIFICATION AND VARIFICATION OF INDIVIDUAL WHENEVER HE \SHE COMES TO THE CAMERA EVERYTIME
TWO DIMENSIONAL FACE RECOGNITION SYSTEMS
Before the advent of faster computers and sophisticated imaging software 2 d face recognition systems were used . The problem that arose from this type of systems was the fact that the person to be identified must be facing the camera at no more than 35 degrees for accurate identification.
THREE DIMENTIONAL FACE RECOGNITION SYSTEMS
The new facial recognition systems make use of 3-d images and are thus more accurate than theirpredecessors. these systems has ability to recognize face even when it is turned 90 degrees away
From the camera.
COMPARISON BETWEEN 2 D AND 3D FACE RECOGNITION SYSTEMS 2 D 3 D
2 d face recognition involves 3 d face recognition involves
intensity variations. shape variation.
2 d operate better under 3 d can operate in any
modest lighting conditions. circumstances.
2 d is affected by pose changes it is not affected by
as changes in facial gestures pose changes.
and expressions.
the person should be very close the person can be far
to camera. from the camera.
2 d is slower . 3 d is fast.
APPLICATIONS OF FACE RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY
 AIRPORTS
 RAILWAY STATIONS
 MILLITARY
 FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS (BANKS)
 GOVERNMENT OFFICES
 BUSINESS OF ALL KINDS
 CORPORATIONS
 ATM (AUTOMATIC TELLER MACHINE)
 INTERNET TRANSACTIONS
OTHER APPLICATIONS OF FACE RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY
TIME ATTENDENCE SYSTEM : face recognition system helps to keep each employee’s data accurately. In this technology we have to just enroll employee face and one unique id will be generated by the system. Every time when employee comes to office and goes out of office its time is recorded by the system by matching face.
VISITOR MANAGEMENT SYSTEM : for any organization effective visitor management system helps to keep our area safe from intrusion. Face recognition based visitor management systems provide full proof security by identifying each
visitor by face.
VOTER VARIFICATION : Mexican government made use of facial recognition systems to match their voters from their database to verify identity and minimize voter fraud.
ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM : in today’s world everyone wants to secure their private area from external intrusion. Face recognition based access control systems gives full proof security solution by using human face.