During the last two decades, and particularly in recent years, the environmental sector has shown a growing interest in the treatment of different types of water and sewage by electrocoagulation (EC). The objective of this work was to review the studies carried out mainly during 2008-2011 on the wide and versatile range of feasible CE applications used in the purification of different types of water and wastewater. The EC applications discussed here were divided into the following 7 categories: tannery, textile and waste water colour; Wastewater from the pulp and paper industry; Oily wastewater; Wastewater from the food industry; Other types of industrial waste water; Surface water as well as model water and wastewater containing heavy metals, nutrients, cyanide and other elements and ions. In addition, this document presents an overview of optimum process conditions (treatment times, current densities, and initial pH) and elimination efficiencies (mostly high) achieved for EC applications analyzed. In the vast majority of the studies discussed in this review, the above values were found to be in the range of 5-60 min (typically less than 30 min), 10-150 A / m 2 and near neutral pH, respectively. It was found that both the operating costs and the electricity consumption values varied considerably depending on the type of solution being treated, being between 0.0047 - 6.74 € / m3 and 0.002 - 58.0 kWh / m3, but in Were typically quite low (typically about 0.1 - 1.0 € / m3 and 0.4 - 4.0 kWh / m3).
Despite growing concerns about hospital waste management, little attention is paid to wastewater generated by hospitals, medical research laboratories and health care institutions. Healthcare waste consists of both organic and inorganic substances, including pathogens and microorganisms. Hospital waste has a serious danger to the health of health workers, the public flora and air in the area. Hospital sewage is wastewater generated by all hospital activities such as medical and non-medical activities in various departments-emergency and first aid, laboratory, operating room, diagnostic, radiology, kitchen and laundry. In hospitals a wide variety of substances are in use for medical purposes such as diagnosis and research.