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ABSTRACT
Teleportation is the name given by the science fiction writers to the feat of making an object or person disintegrate in one place while the exact replica appears somewhere else. The original object is scanned in such away as to extract all the information from it, then this information is transmitted to the receiving location and used to construct the replica, not necessarily from the actual material of the original, but perhaps from atoms of same kinds, arranged in exactly the same pattern as the original. A teleportation machine would look like a fax machine, except that it would work on both 3-dimensional objects as well as documents, it would produce an exact copy rather than approximate facsimile. A few science fiction writers consider teleportation that preserve the original, and the plot gets complicated when the original and teleported versions of same person meet; but the more common kind of teleportation destroys the original, functioning as a super transportation device, not as a perfect replicator of souls and bodies.
INTRODUCTION
Ever since the wheel was invented more than 5,000 years ago, people have been inventing new ways to travel faster from one point to another. The chariot, bicycle, automobile, airplane and rocket have all been invented to decrease the amount of time we spend getting to our desired destinations. Yet each of these forms of transportation shares the same flaw: They require us to cross a physical distance, which can take anywhere, from minutes to many hours depending on the starting and ending points. There are scientists working right now on such a method of travel, combining properties of telecommunications and transportation to achieve a system called teleportation.
Teleportation Technology is the 21st century alternative to travel. It can save your organization time and money and enhance your internal and external communication network. These systems are very simple to use. All you have to do is click to connect and you can appear within a 3-dimensional setting in a chair or behind a lectern on the other side of the world - almost instantly. The products are designed so that the technology is invisible. This means you always concentrate on the person or people you are talking with and not the technology.
Teleportation is developing a global network of teleportation facilities, which will include most major world cities during 2007. Organizations from across the world have been attracted by the immediate savings and improved communication that our technology can bring to their organization.
For natural high quality, distance communication there is no substitute. It really is the closest thing to being there/
WHAT IS TELEPORTATION TECHNOLOGY?
DEFINITION :
Teleportation is the duplication or re-creation or dematerialization of physical objects or their properties using light beams, according to researchers at the California Institute of Technology.
Also calling it quantum teleportation, the researchers have successfully transmitted information about the properties of an object at the speed of light so that the object could theoretically be duplicated or reconstructed at the destination.
The Teleportation communications system is unique and has been designed to enable a life-size image of a person to appear within a 3D environment. You can make eye contact with individuals, use props and hold true two-way conversations - communicating naturally with anyone or any group of people anywhere in the world, as you would if you were there. After all 80% of communication is non-verbal. The only thing you can't do is shake hands!
HISTORY
An experiment confirms that teleportation is possible:
Captain Kirk and his crew do it all the time with the greatest of ease: they discorporate at one point and reappear at another. However, this form of travel long has seemed remote to the realm of possibility. Now, however, it turns out that in the strange world of quantum physics, teleportation is not only theoretically possible, it can actually happen.
One group of researchers at the University of Innsbruck in Austria published an account of the first experiment to verify quantum teleportation in the December 11 issue of Nature. In addition, another team headed by Francesco De Martini in Rome has submitted similar evidence to Physical Review Letters for publication. Neither group sent a colleague to Katmandu or a car to the moon. Yet what they did prove is still pretty startling. Anton Zeilinger De Martini and their colleagues demonstrated independently that it is possible to transfer the properties of one quantum particle (such as a photon) to another--even if the two are at opposite ends of the galaxy.
Until recently, physicists had all but ruled out teleportation, in essence because all particles behave simultaneously like particles and like waves. The trick was this: they presumed that to produce an exact duplicate of any one particle, you would first have to determine both its particle like properties, such as its position, and its wavelike properties, such as its momentum. Yet doing so would violate the Heisenberg uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics. Under that principle, it is impossible to ever measure wave and particle properties at the same time. The more you learn about one set of characteristics, the less you can say about the other with any real certainty.
In 1993, though, an international team of six scientists proposed a way to make an end-run around the uncertainty principle. Their solution was based on a theorem of quantum mechanics dating to the 1930s called the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen effect. It states that when two particles come into contact with one another, they can become "entangled". In an entangled state, both particles remain part of the same quantum system so that whatever you do to one of them affects the other one in a predictable, domino-like fashion. Thus, the group showed how, in principle, entangled particles might serve as "transporters" of sorts. By introducing a third "message" particle to one of the entangled particles, one could transfer its properties to the other one, without ever measuring those properties.
Experimental proof
Bennett's ideas were not verified experimentally until the Innsbruck investigators performed their recent experiment. The researchers produced pairs of entangled photons and showed they could transfer the polarization state from one photon to another.
Teleportation still has one glitch: In the fuzzy realm of quantum mechanics, the result of the transfer is influenced by the receiver's observation of it. (As soon as you look at, say, Bones, it will look like something else.) Therefore, someone still has to tell the receiver that the transformation has been made so that they can correctly interpret what they see. And this sort of communication cannot occur at faster-than-light speeds. Even so, the scheme has definite applications in ultra fast quantum computers and in utilizing quantum phenomena to ensure secure data transmission.
In 1993, Charles Bennett (IBM, TJ Watson Research Center) and colleagues theoretically developed a method for quantum teleportation. Now, a team of physicists from Caltech, Aarhus University, and Dr. Sam Braunstein of the University of Wales, Bangor has successfully achieved quantum teleportation of optical coherent states.
Quantum teleportation is similar to the far-fetched 'transporter' technology used in the television series 'Star Trek'. "Quantum teleportation involves the utter destruction of an unknown physical entity and its reconstruction at a remote location," says Professor H. Jeff Kimble, the leader of the research group at Caltech, who with Braunstein conceived the experiment. Using a phenomenon known as 'quantum entanglement', the researchers force a photon of light to project its unknown state onto another photon, with only a miniscule amount of information being sent between the two. This is the first time quantum teleportation has been performed with a high degree of 'fidelity', which means that the output reproduces the input with good accuracy. Quantum teleportation was announced earlier last year by two independent labs in Europe, but the low-fidelity results achieved in these experiments could also be explained away by standard (classical) optics, without invoking teleportation at all. There has been much progress in the field, but not an actual demonstration until now.
In the October 23 1998 issue of Science, the physicists described how they used squeezed-state entanglement to teleport light. In previous teleportation experiments (announced over the last year by separate research groups in Austria and Rome), only two-dimensional discrete variables (e.g. the polarization states of a photon, or the discrete levels of a two-level atom) were teleported. In this recent experiment, however, every state, or the entire quadrature phase amplitude, of the light beam was teleported. In the Science article, the researchers explain that teleporting optical fields may someday be appropriate for the use in communication technology.
HOW TELEPORTATION WORK’s?:
PHOTON EXPERIMENTS:
In 1998, physicists at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), along with two European groups, turned the IBM ideas into reality by successfully teleporting a photon, a particle of energy that carries light. The Caltech group was able to read the atomic structure of a photon, send this information across 1 meter (3.28 feet) of coaxial cable and create a replica of the photon. As predicted, the original photon no longer existed once the replica was made.
In performing the experiment, the Caltech group was able to get around the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, the main barrier for teleportation of objects larger than a photon. This principle states that you cannot simultaneously know the location and the speed of a particle. But if you can't know the position of a particle, then how can you teleport it ? In order to teleport a photon without violating the Heisenberg Principle, the Caltech physicists used a phenomenon known as entanglement. In entanglement, at least three photons are needed to achieve quantum teleportation:
• Photon A: The photon to be teleported
• Photon B: The transporting photon
• Photon C: The photon that is entangled with photon B
If researchers tried to look too closely at photon A without entanglement, they would bump it, and thereby change it. By entangling photons B and C, researchers can extract some information about photon A, and the remaining information would be passed on to B by way of entanglement, and then on to photon C. When researchers apply the information from photon A to photon C, they can create an exact replica of photon A. However, photon A no longer exists as it did before the information was sent to photon C.
A more recent teleportation success was achieved at the Australian National University, when researchers successfully teleported a laser beam.
While the idea of creating replicas of objects and destroying the originals doesn't sound too inviting for humans, quantum teleportation does hold promise for quantum computing. These experiments with photons are important in developing networks that can distribute quantum information. Professor Samuel Braunstein, of the University of Wales, Bangor, called such a network a "quantum Internet." This technology may be used one day to build a quantum computer that has data transmission rates many times faster than today's most powerful computers.
THE INNSBRUCK EXPERIMENT:
IMAGE DEPICTS the University of Innsbruck experimental setup for quantum teleportation. In the quantum teleportation process, physicists take a photon (or any other quantum-scale particle, such as an electron or an atom) and transfer its properties (such as its polarization - the direction in which its electric field vibrates) to another photon - even if the two photons are at remote locations. The scheme does not teleport the photon itself; only its properties are imparted to another, remote photon.