executive summary of patanjali
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Introduction
The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for the proposed improvements to the
Project Road from Goa-Karnataka Border to Kundapur (from existing Km 93.700 to Km
283.300) has been prepared according to the World Bank Policies as well as the structure of
the EIA Report presented in the EIA Notification, 2009 by Ministry of Environment and
Forests, Government of India. The EIA is based on detailed field reconnaissance surveys,
inventories and available secondary information.
The existing 2-lane National Highway No. 66 (formerly NH-17) starts from Panvel in
Maharashtra and passes through Karnataka on west coast before reaching to Edapally (near
Cochin) in Kerala. The project road starts from Goa - Karnataka border (km 93.700) and
ends at Kundapur (km 283.300).The total length of project road is 189.600 km based on
existing km stones. The project highway alignment is located between Arabian Sea coast
and Western ghats in Karnataka. At few stretches the highway is close to the Arabian Sea
(within 500m). The project road passes towards South from Goa-Karnataka border through
number of congested towns/villages viz Karwar (km 106.700), Karwar port (km 108.800),
Navy’s Sea bird project, Amadalli (km 124.000), Kumata (km 174.400), Haladipura (km
186.600), Honnavara (km 194.500), Kasarakod (km 197.850), Shirali (km 227.450), Bhatkal
(km 232.350), Shirur (km.245.000), Byndur (km.250.000), Maravanthe (km. 266.000), Tallur
(km.279.500)and other villages in Karawar and Udupi districts before reaching Kundapur
(Km 283.300). A location map of project road is enclosed. Design length of project road
after improvement proposals is 187.240 km length as against 189.600 km of original length.
The project road from km 93.700 to km 283.300 is part of NH: 66 (formerly NH-17) and
length is 189.600 km along existing alignment. The alignment of highway passes through
Plain terrain approx. for 100km length, rolling terrain for 46 km length and Mountainous
terrain for 44 km length. The highway traverses through 36 nos. of major congested
villages/towns before reaching Kundapur. Generally the existing road is on 0.5 to 3m
embankment except at approaches to major bridges, where it is upto 10m. The existing 2-
lane highway has number of sharp horizontal curves at number of locations and the gradient
generally not satisfies the requirements of IRC: 73. The existing 2-lane carriageway width is
7.0m and at built-up section it is 10.0m. The condition of the existing pavement varies from
poor to good.
There are 660 nos. of CD structures present in 189.600 km stretch of project road. These
include 13 nos. major bridges, 41 nos. minor bridges and 606 nos. culverts. Out of 13 major
bridges, one major bridge located @ km 196.200 (across Sharavati River) is retrofitted.
Existing major/minor bridges and culverts are of 2-lane width.
Vol. IV: I Draft EIA Report Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 4/6 laningof Goa-Karnataka Border (Km
93.700) to Kundapur (Km 283.300) section of NH – 66 (formerly NH-17) in
the State of Karnataka
ES-ii NHAI

Right–of–Way along the project road varies from approx 11 m in mountainous terrain to
approx 51 m in plain terrain. Traffic on this section of NH: 66 (formerly NH-17) is of mixed
type. There are 15 major junctions and 87 no.s number of cross roads.
The following stretches are close to Arabian Sea.
Table 1.0: Stretches of the alignment close to Arabian Sea
• Stretches of NH:66 on Banks of rivers
Existing alignment runs on banks of 3 rivers. The details are given in Table
below.
Table 2.0: Stretches of the alignment on Banks of Rivers
Approx. Location
Sl. No Name of River
From, km To, km
Length,
km
River on
1. Gangolli River 150.000 151.500 1.500 RHS
2. Aghanasini 172.400 172.700 0.300 RHS
3. Kollur River 268.800 269.400 0.600 LHS
• Trees
As project road alignment located close to the Western Ghats, large numbers
of trees of different species and girth are present along the highway.
• Forest Land
The project road alignment runs in rolling and Mountainous terrain at
number of stretches. Forest land is present for approx. length of 37.75 km on
LHS and 31.88 km on RHS.
Approx. Location Sl.
No
Name of Place
From, km To, km
Length,
km
Sea Side
1. Near Karwar port 106.700 108.500 1.800 RHS
2. Maravante 269.000 270.300 1.300 RHS
Vol. IV: I Draft EIA Report Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 4/6 laningof Goa-Karnataka Border (Km
93.700) to Kundapur (Km 283.300) section of NH – 66 (formerly NH-17) in
the State of Karnataka
ES-iii NHAI

2.0 Permission from Central Government Organizations
• Indian Navy :
Sea Bird project has acquired large area of land from km 109.000 to km
133.000 close to existing project highway. Widening and provision of facilities
will require Indian Navy land at stretches.
• Indian Port Authority :
Project Road passes right in front of the Karwar port @ km 108.500. In case
widening is proposed on LHS, existing permanent structures of customs office
and port authority offices are required to be acquired.
• Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Authority :
Project Road is parallel to Arabian Sea Coast line and the distance of existing
road from coast line is less than 500 m at following stretches. For any
construction activities within 500 m, CRZ authority permission is required.
Approximately 74.04 km of the project road passes along the Arabian Sea.
• Ministry of Environment and Forest (MOEF):
Project Road improvements require forest land at number of stretches.
Permission from MOEF is required.
Most of the project road stretch passes through plain terrain. Generally the land use along
the project stretch is mixed with agricultural, forest, residential and commercial.
3.0 Baseline Environmental Profile of the Project Area
3.0.1 General
The baseline environmental studies on the project influence area helps to predict the
magnitude of impacts that are likely to be caused due to the proposed improvements of the
project road. It also helps to identify critical environmental attributes required to be
monitored during and after the proposed developments. In addition to the baseline
environmental monitoring, field inspection at all the sensitive locations, collection of
secondary information for all the environmental components and discussions with the
officials, NGO’s and local public were conducted by the Consultants to prepare the baseline
environmental profile of the project area. Baseline environmental monitoring was
conducted in March-May 2012.
3.0.1 Physiography
The project stretch of National Highway 66 (Formerly NH-17) area lies mainly over the
Western Ghat and Karnataka Coastal region which is a narrow coastal strip to the west
abutting the Arabian Sea with beaches, estuaries, mangrove forests and lowland evergreen
and semi evergreen forests. The project section starts from existing chainage Km 93.700 of
NH-66 (formerly NH-17) at the boundary of Goa- Karnataka with an altitude of 44 m above
Vol. IV: I Draft EIA Report Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 4/6 laningof Goa-Karnataka Border (Km
93.700) to Kundapur (Km 283.300) section of NH – 66 (formerly NH-17) in
the State of Karnataka
ES-iv NHAI

mean sea level and terminates at Kundapura at chainage Km 283.300 which lies on an
altitude of 8 m above mean sea level. The project stretch extends between longitude 74o
8’
East to 74o
42’ East and Latitude 14o
48’ North to 13o
38’ North. The project stretch traverses
through undulating to plain terrain. The topography shows a general slope matching with
the country slopes mainly from east top west side. The project area lies over Karnataka
Coastal Region, which extends between the Western Ghats, edge of the Karnataka Plateau
in the east and the Arabian Sea in the West. The project stretch falls under the
administrative limits of Udupi and Uttara Kannada districts of Karnataka state. The
proposed project road traverses through all types of terrain patterns viz… plain, rolling and
hilly terrains. The maximum stretch of the project road i.e. for about 100.0 Km passes
through plain terrain, 46 km length in rolling terrain and 44 km in mountainous terrain.
3.0.2 Topography
The topography of the project area is mostly characterised by rolling to hilly terrain. The
terrain of the project area is classified by general slope of the country across the highway
alignment the topography shows a general slope towards West/Northwest as well as south
directions. The project stretch passes through plain terrain from Km 93.700 to Km 107.000,
Km 135.450 to km 147.000, km 216.000 to km 238.000, Km 244.800 to Km 271.000 and
from Km 279.200 to Km 287.000 hilly terrain from km 107.000 to km 114.100, 124.850 to
km 130.140 and from Km 200.000 to 210.000. Rolling and hilly terrain from km 130.600 to
km 135.000, Km 148.000 to Km 154.000, Km 160.000 to Km 191.000, Km 211.000 to Km
214.000, Km 239.000 to Km 244.000, Km 271.630 to km 279.000
3.0.3 Geology and Soil
The major portion of the project area is in West coast plains, which lies between the
Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea from Karwar in the north to a width ranging from 30 to
60 km. The underlying geological formation of the project area is of archaic origin and
consists of metamorphic schist and crystalline gneiss with granite and quartzes phyllites and
charnockites out crops. Generally, laterite rock become apparent on hot, open and exposed
localities, whereas on the moist cool slopes, gneissic soil or red loam is more common. The
older metamorphic rocks constitute mainly the Dharwars and these are represented by the
banded, ferruginous quartzites and by the talc and hornblende schist. The soil in the study
area is of Lateritic type characterized by high iron and aluminum content. Rock outcrops can
be observed intermittently all along the project stretch.
The soils of the project area is of mostly of recent and sub-recent origin; and derived from
laterite and trap formations and are mostly medium type with respect to nutrient status.
The soils of the project area are generally, red gravelly clay soils, Coastal alluvial and Coastal
Laterite soils. These soils are deep, well drained to excessively drained, dark brown to
yellowish red and dark reddish brown sandy clay loam to clay loam surface soils and sandy
Vol. IV: I Draft EIA Report Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 4/6 laningof Goa-Karnataka Border (Km
93.700) to Kundapur (Km 283.300) section of NH – 66 (formerly NH-17) in
the State of Karnataka
ES-v NHAI

clay to clay subsurface soils, moderately to severely eroded with surface crusting. Soil is in
general slight acidic rich in nitrogen, deficient in phosphorus with low to medium potassium
content. The soils of are suitable mainly for rice, sugarcane, groundnuts, coconuts etc.
Recent alluvial deposits are found in river and stream valleys and in coastal areas of the
state. The Coastal soils are of two types, namely coastal lateritic soils and coastal alluvial
soils.
The Coastal laterite soils are found on laterite plateau and dissected uplands. These soils
have formed in sub-humid environment under high temperature and high rainfall condition
and have developed on gneisses and warkali sediments. They are moderately deep to deep,
well drained to excessively drained and dark brown to yellowish red, dark reddish brown to
dark red in colour, with clay dominated by kaolinite, associated with iron gravel. They are
strongly acidic or moderately acidic and have low to medium AWC (<50-100mm), medium
to high organic carbon, low or medium CEC and low base saturation. They are high in
available N and low in available P and K. They are subject to surface crusting and have low
fertility status, moderate to severe erosion problems.
The Coastal Marine Alluvial Soils are formed due to deposition of soil materials in the valleys
after transported form the Western Ghats. These soils are deep, imperfectly drained to
poorly drained and pale brown to dark yellowish brown in colour, and have sandy, loamy
sand, loam and clay surface soil and sand to loam sub-soil. They are strongly acidic to
moderately alkaline in reaction and low to medium AWC (<50-100mm); organic carbon
content is low in sandy soils but high in loam and clay soils, the soils have high CEC and high
base saturation, and are low to high in available N, and low in available K. They are
vulnerable to drainage problem and flooding. The sandy texture is a drawback.
3.0.4 Seismology:
The entire stretch of the project road falls under the seismic zone III as defined by the Indian
Standard (IS) 2002 seismic zoning classification system, i.e. a zone of relative stability. The
horizontal seismic coefficient for zone III is 0.04 measured on a scale from II to V where zone
II is most stable and Zone V is considered to be least stable.
3.0.5 Meteorology
Climate
The entire project area belongs to climatic zone of Coastal Karnataka. The project area
experiences Tropical Monsoon climate which covers the entire coastal belt and adjoining
areas. The climate in this region is hot with excessive rainfall during the monsoon season
i.e., June to September. The winter season from January to February is followed by summer
season from March to May. The period from October to December forms the post-monsoon
season. The period from October to March, covering the post-monsoon and winter seasons,
is generally pleasant over the entire State except during a few spells of rain associated with
Vol. IV: I Draft EIA Report Up gradation of existing 2 lane to 4/6 laningof Goa-Karnataka Border (Km
93.700) to Kundapur (Km 283.300) section of NH – 66 (formerly NH-17) in
the State of Karnataka
ES-vi NHAI

north-east monsoon which affects the south-eastern parts of the State during October to
December.
The months April and May are hot, very dry and generally uncomfortable. Weather tends to
be oppressive during June due to high humidity and temperature. The next three months
(July, August and September) are somewhat comfortable due to reduced day temperature
although the humidity continue to be very high.
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