12-10-2010, 04:06 PM
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OVERVIEW:
DESIGN OF MONITORING SYSTEM FOR COAL MINES SAFETY BASED ON WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
By P. RaviKiran
Roll No:08621D5506
OVERVIEW:
The main objective is to get the Environmental characteristics like temperature, humidity and methane gas of underground coal mines and send the information to surface using ZIGBEE wireless sensor nodes and also get employee info using RFID module.
Current Scenario:
The foremost critical task for coal mines is of keep tracking of miners spread out across large mining areas. It becomes difficult when mine tunnel collapse. Many mines uses a cable system for monitoring the underground coal mines . when ever mine collapse the cable will damage and cost of installation is more.
Features:
To overcome the current scenario limitations have to use Wireless Network Technology and tracking the employee using RFID
Technology:
By using a RFID module we can collect the employee info and tracking employ.
By using a ZIGBEE module we can communicate from underground to surface.
By using a HUMIDITY and TEMPERATURE sensors we can collect weather report.
By using a METHANOMETER sensor we can find METHANEGAS.
What is RFID?
RFID is one of the Auto Identification Technologies
Every one of us are familiar with the concept of Bar Codes
Every day we see the use of bar codes in super markets for getting the product information
RFID is latest technology which replaces bar codes
Bar code readers use optical scanning to read the black and white stripes on bar code sticker and get the product number
Whereas, RFID uses Radio Frequency
How does RFID Work ?
A tag is affixed to a resource
The tag is programmed to be recognized by the system
The tag contains the unique id
The tag can be scanned by a reader device to get the id of the resource
The host application then can take the id and get the details of the resources and do further processing
RFID Tags:
POLICY ISSUES:
Privacy
Security
Access to radio frequency spectrum
Health effects
Labor practices
Wireless Sensor Networks
Wireless Sensor Networks are basically tools for efficiently acquiring data from several sensors placed at strategic locations.
They are networks of geographically distributed sets of sensors on an autonomous platform (called WSN nodes) which co-operatively enable monitoring of a physical parameter or environmental condition such as temperature, humidity, pressure, light, sound, motion, acceleration or anything that can be sensed.
WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK CAPABILITES
Capable of tracking and monitoring miners and equipment in underground mine using ZigBee-enabled active RFID devices forming a wireless network among them and other static and mobile ZigBee devices placed at strategic locations.
Capable of identifying the miners entering in underground mine to keep the track of the miners and maintaining computerized attendance.
Capable of monitoring equipment locations and their operation to improve productivity and reduce fatal collision accident.
Capable of locating and tracking the miners in case of disaster for speedy rescue operation.
Continue……….
Capable of monitoring miners’ unsafe practice and providing warning to the respective miner.
Capable of real-time monitoring environmental parameters in underground mine.
Capable of sending coded message to the concerned person in underground mine.
Capable of automatically forming alternative network among the undisturbed and reachable routers incase of disaster (like roof fall, collapse of entrance/ gallery side, inundation, mine fire and explosion) inparticular area in underground mine so that communication does not get disturbed in the whole mine.
Enables a low-powered, intrinsically safe, easy to install and cost-effective miners’ information and safety system for underground mine.
Characteristics of a WSN
Limited power
Ability to withstand harsh environmental conditions
Ability to cope with node failures
Mobility of nodes
Dynamic network topology
Communication failures
Large scale of deployment
Node capacity is scalable, only limited by bandwidth of gateway node.
What is ZIGBEE?
Technological Standard Created for Control and Sensor Networks
Based on the IEEE 802.15.4 Standard
Created by the Zigbee Alliance
What does ZIGBEE do?
Designed for wireless controls and sensors
Operates in Personal Area Networks (PAN’s) and device-to-device networks
Connectivity between small packet devices
Control of lights, switches, thermostats, appliances, etc.
ZIGBEE aims and frequencies
Low data rate
Low power consumption
Small packet devices
Operates in Unlicensed Bands
ISM 2.4 GHz Global Band at 250kbps
868 MHz European Band at 20kbps
915 MHz North American Band at 40kbps
SENSORS:
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
Tools Required:
Sensors
8051 and arm
Zigbee software
Applications:
RFID
ZIGBEE will communicate from underground to surface.
WIRELESS SENSORS will improve the safety.
Advantages:
The wirelesses are more effective and can avoid the trouble of rewiring.
It will greatly improve the performance and efficiency of data transmission.
It will reduce the cost of extending the system.
WSN can realize the real - time monitoring of working region.
References:
1. http://rfidjournal
2. http://eng.tau.ac.il/~yash/kw-usenix06/index.html
3. http://prlog10223510-longdistance-rfid-r...-feet.html
4. http://zigbee
5. http://en.wikipediawiki/ZigBee#Uses
6. http://en.wikipediawiki/Wireless_sensor_network
7. http://wsnblog
8. http://microchip
THANK YOU
