ENVIRONMENT AND ITS POLLUTION FULL REPORT
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Presented by:
Keshav Mohan Chhabra

ENVIRONMENT & ITS POLLUTION

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INTRODUCTION
Environment, encompasses all living and non living things occurring on Earth or some region thereof and the interaction of all living species.
Types of Environment:
(i) Natural environment: It includes air, water, light, soil, forests, plants, and animals etc.
(ii) Artificial environment: The objects of our surrounding which are manmade are artificial environment.
(iii) Biological environment: It includes all living organisms that surround us.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into an environment that causes instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the ecosystem.
Pollution leads to depletion of the ozone layer, global warming and climate change.
Pollution can take many forms. The air we breathe, the water we drink, the ground where we grow our food, and even the increasing noise we hear every day—all contribute to health problems and a lower quality of life.
TYPES OF POLLUTION
AIR POLLUTION

It is defined as the presence in the atmosphere of one or more contaminants in such quality and for such duration as is injurious, or tends to be injurious, to human health or welfare, animal or plant life.
Industries, vehicles, increase in the population, and urbanization are some of the major factors responsible for air pollution.
Major Air Pollutants
Carbon monoxide (CO)
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Chloroflorocarbons (CFC)
Ozone
Nitrogen oxide (Nox)
Sulphur dioxide (SO2)
Suspended particulate matter (SPM)
EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION
Air pollution can cause health problems and it can also damage the environment and property.
It has caused thinning of the protective ozone layer of the atmosphere, which is leading to climate change.
WATER POLLUTION
When toxic substances enter lakes, streams, rivers, oceans, and other water bodies, they get dissolved or lie suspended in water or get deposited on the bed.
This results in the pollution of water whereby the quality of the water deteriorates, affecting aquatic ecosystems.
Pollutants can also seep down and affect the groundwater deposits.
MAJOR WATER POLLUTANTS
Wastes from industries.
Dumping household garbage into streams, lakes, rivers, and seas.
Soaps and detergents.
Oil spills.
EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION
Diseases can spread via polluted water.
Marine food sources are contaminated.
Acid rain contains sulphate particles, which can harm fish or plant life in lakes and rivers.
Pollution of water make it unsuitable for use in daily activities.
NOISE POLLUTION
Noise, by definition, is unwanted sound.
Noise is measured in decibels.
The World Health Organization [WHO] has fixed 45 decibels as the safe noise level for a city. Metropolitan areas in India usually register an average more than 90 decibels.
Noise is an inescapable by-product of the industrial environment, which is increasing with advances in industrialization and urbanization.
MAJOR SOURCES OF NOISE
Machines in industries.
Automobiles, Trains, Planes.
Explosives And Firecrackers
Activities such as
printing, auto-repair, grinding.
Loud music in functions
and ceremonies.
EEFECTS OF NOISE POLLUTION
Annoyance.
Sleeplessness.
Loss of hearing
Physiological effects like blood pressure, heart beat rate, breathing amplitude are affected.
LAND POLLUTION
Land pollution is the degradation of Earth's land surfaces often caused by human activities and their misuse of land resources.
It occurs when wastes are not disposed properly.
MAJOR LAND POLLUTANTS
Extensive use of pesticides in farming.
Mining activities.
Toxic waste disposal.
Dumping industrial and domestic wastes on land.
Acid rain.
EFFECTS OF LAND POLLUTION
From land, the pollutants can travel through the roots of plants into any herbivore which consumes the plant and on and on and on until it reaches the highest organisms in the food web: humans.
Skin problems are often diagnosed due to land pollution.
It leaves the places look dirty and makes them unhealthy.
POLLUTION CONTROL
Pollution needs to be controlled as
It threatens life.
Acid rain kills trees and other plants.
Poisonous gases cause harm to lungs and results in acute diseases.
Pesticides can damage crops; kill vegetation; and poison birds, animals, and fish.
Dumping garbage here and there affect the aesthetics of the place.
WAYS TO REDUCE AIR POLLUTION
Plant more and more trees.
No Smoking.
Use of air filters.
Take public transport or carpool.
Recycle the things as by recycling, fewer items
need to be produced, and that
will lessen the damage
done to the air by
industries.
WAYS TO REDUCE WATER POLUTION
Toxic products like paints, automobile oil, should be stored and disposed off properly.
Non-degradable products should not be flushed off.
Refrain from throwing litter into streams, lakes, rivers, or seas.
Try using natural fertilizers and pesticides.
Conserve water by turning the tap off when not in need.
WAYS TO REDUCE NOISE POLLUTION
Regular and thorough maintenance of operating machinery.
Regular inspection of vehicles as poorly maintained vehicles can add to the noise levels.
Prohibition on the use of loud speakers.
Saying no to crackers.
WAYS TO REDUCE LAND POLLUTION
Encourage organic farming
Proper garbage disposal
Recycle garbage
Reduce use of herbicides and pesticides
Avoid over-packaged items
Efficient utilization of resources and reducing wastage
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