this topic seems to be interesting! How can i download this report without signing in? It seems impossible to download it.

energy absorbing bumpers technical seminar ppt

A bumper is a structure attached or integrated to the front and rear of an automobile to absorb impact in a minor collision, ideally minimizing repair costs.Bumpers also have two safety functions: minimizing height mismatches between vehicles, and protecting pedestrians from injury.[citation needed]British inventor Frederick Simms imagined the bumpers in 1901.Bumpers of most modern automobiles have been made of a combination of polycarbonate (PC) and Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) called PC/ABS.