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Empire State Building
Height records and comparisons
The Empire State Building remained the tallest man-made structure in the world for 23 years before it was surpassed by the Griffin Television Tower Oklahoma (KWTV Mast) in 1954. It was also the tallest free-standing structure in the world for 36 years before it was surpassed by the Ostankino Tower in 1967.
The longest world record held by the Empire State Building was for the tallest skyscraper (to structural height), which it held for 42 years until it was surpassed by the North Tower of the World Trade Center in 1973.
About empire state building
The Empire State Building was the highest building in the world for forty Years. It was constructed in New York (USA) an era when American cities such as Chicago and New York competed to have the highest skyscrapers.
With a 102 stories it was the tallest building in the world for forty years. Only when  the first tower of the World Trade Centre was completed in 1972 was it deposed as the highest building.
Designers
The architects, Shreve, Lamb and Harmon Associates, were given the brief of creating the tallest building in the world. To achieve this they decided to use a steel frame as the basic construction technique.
New york city climate
Generally summers of New York have a humid continental climate .
Weather in New York is heavily influenced by two continental air masses: a warm, humid one from the southwest and a cold, dry one from the northwest.
the average high July temperature is 83 °F (28 °C.
in the majority of winter seasons, a temperature of −13 °F (−25 °C) or lower can be expected in the northern highlands (Northern Plateau) and 5 °F (−15 °C) or colder in the southwestern and east-central highlands .
Overview information
Address Location: The Empire State Building is located in New York City at 350 Fifth Av. (between 33rd street and 34th Street).
Height: Total height, including the lightning rod, is 1,454 feet and 1,250 feet, not including the lightning rod. The 102nd floor observatory is 1,224 feet above ground and 86th floor observatory is 1,050 feet above ground.
Builders: The construction firm Starrett Bros. & Eken were contracted to build it.
Duration of Construction: The building was completed ahead of schedule, requiring a mer one year and 45 days to finish.
Building Cost: $24,718,000 to build. Including real estate on which the building sits, the entire cost of the Empire State Building was $41 million.
Number of floors in the Empire State Building: 102 floors.
Area of Site: 79,288 square feet ( or 7,240 meters), which is about two acres. north to south, about 187 feet (56.9 meters.). East to west, about 424 feet (129 meters).
Foundation: 55 feet (16.7 meters) below ground.
Height of Antenna: 204 feet.
Elevators: 73, including six freight elevators, operating at speeds from 600 to 1,400 feet per minute. The total enclosed in several miles of elevator shaft. (It is possible to ride from lobby to 80th floor in 45 seconds).
Windows: 6,500.
Volume: 37 million cubic feet.
Exterior Building Materials: Indiana limestone and granite, which has aluminum and chrome-nickel steel trim from the 6th floor to the structure's top.
Interior lobby Building Materials: Marble, imported from France, German, Belgium, and Italy.
Observation decks
The Empire State Building has one of the most popular outdoor observatories in the world, having been visited by over 110 million people. The 86th-floor observation deck offers impressive 360-degree views of the city. There is a second observation deck on the 102nd floor that is open to the public
Dirigible (airship) terminal
The building's distinctive Art Deco spire was originally designed to be a mooring mast and depot for dirigibles. The 102nd floor was originally a landing platform with a dirigible gangplank. A particular elevator, traveling between the 86th and 102nd floors, was supposed to transport passengers after they checked in at the observation deck on the 86th floor.
Design
The Empire State Building was designed by William Frederick Lamb of the architectural firm of Shreve, Lamb, and Harmon. Lamb, influenced by Raymond Hood's Daily News building, came up with a fairly simple design, defined by requirements such as the budget, time limit and New York City's 1916 zoning law. The building would have a classical composition of a 5 story base, a large tower with setbacks (required by the city zoning law)and a monumental spire
The lime stone facade had little or no arnamentation.
Technical Dates
High: 449m
Floor Counts: 102
Constructed: 1929-1931
Costs:40,948,900 $
Facts
Steel: 55.000t
Windows: 6.500
Stones: 10.000.000
Toilets: 1.100
Lifts: 73
Floors: 102
Steps: 1.860
THE TECHNOLOGY OF CONSTRUCTION
In its day, the Empire State Building was constructed using up to date technology. A substantial concrete base was laid as a foundation to take the weight of the steel framework of the building. All the steel sections were prefabricated, that is, manufactured in a steel mill and transported to the construction site. The sections were manufactured to exact sizes to within 2mm tolerance and prepared so that they could either be bolted together or joined with rivets. It only took three days for the sections to be manufactured in the steel mill, transported and positioned in the framework as part of the buildings structure.
Plan layout
Facilities
Class rooms.
Multimedia and it centre
Library and student lounge
Cafeteria and sports facilities and gym
Activities and social programs
Local information
Banks and post offices
Restaurants
Department stores and super markets
Telephone and internet departments
And many of business and commercial departments.
Security
The Empire State Building was the first building to have more than 100 floors.
the base of the Empire State Building is about 2 acres (8,094 m2). The building houses 1,000 businesses, and has its own zip code, 10118. As of 2007, approximately 21,000 employees work in the building each day, making the Empire State Building the second-largest single office complex in America, after the Pentagon. The building was completed in one year and 45 days. Its original 64 elevators are located in a central core; today, the Empire State Building has 73 elevators in all, including service elevators. It takes less than one minute by elevator to get to the 86th floor, where an observation deck is located. 
Special Lighting
In 1964, floodlights were added to illuminate the top of the building at night, in colors chosen to match seasonal and other events.
The floodlights bathed the building in red, white, and blue for several months after the destruction of the World Trade Center, then reverted to the standard schedule.