18-12-2010, 10:34 AM
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INTRODUCTION
Each day, our lives become more dependent on 'embedded systems', digital information technology that is embedded in our environment. This includes not only safety-critical applications such as automotive devices and controls, railways, aircraft, aerospace and medical devices, but also communications, 'mobile worlds' and 'e-worlds', the 'smart' home, clothes, factories etc. All of these have wide-ranging impacts on society, including security, privacy and modes of working and living. More than 98% of processors applied today are in embedded systems, and are no longer visible to the customer as 'computers' in the ordinary sense. New processors and methods of processing, sensors, actuators, communications and infrastructures are 'enablers' for this very pervasive computing. They are in a sense ubiquitous, that is, almost invisible to the user and almost omnipresent. As such, they form the basis for a significant economic push.
These applications are 'vision driven', as in the following examples:
Automotive: Accident free driving
Aerospace: A free, safe sky for all
Medical Devices: Robotic surgeon
Communications: Seamless connectivity
e-Life: ubiquitous/pervasive computing.
WHAT ARE EMBEDDED SYSTEMS?
We read in newspapers that a doctor had successfully transplanted a cardiac pacemaker in his patient’s chest by sitting around 200kilometres away. Also we know about driverless cars that could take us to the destiny by using its inbuilt navigation systems. Embedded microprocessors or micro controllers are the brain behind these.
An embedded system is any device controlled by instructions stored on a chip. These devices are usually controlled by a micro processor that executes the instructions stored on a read only memory (ROM) chip.
The software for the embedded system is called firmware. The firmware will be written in assembly language for time or resource critical operations or using higher level languages like C or embedded C. The software will be simulated using micro code simulators for the target processor. Since they are supposed to perform only specific tasks, these programs are stored in read only memories (ROMs).Moreover they may need no or minimal inputs from the user, hence the user interface like monitor, mouse and large keyboard etc,may be absent.
Embedded systems are computer systems that monitor, respond to, or control an external environment. This environment is connected to the computer system through sensors, actuators, and other input-output interfaces. It may consist of physical or biological objects of any form and structure. Often humans are part of the connected external world, but a wide range of other natural and artificial objects, as well as animals are also possible.
Embedded systems are also known as real time systems since they respond to an input or event and produce the result within a guaranteed time period. This time period can be few microseconds to days or months. The computer system must meet various timing and other constraints that are imposed on it by the real-time behavior of the external world to which it is interfaced. Hence comes the name real time. Another Name for many of these systems is reactive systems, because their primary purpose is to respond to or react to signals from their environment. A real time computer system may be a component of a larger system in which it is embedded; reasonably such a computer component is called an embedded system.
Embedded systems control engine management systems in automobiles, monitor home heating systems and regulate the quiet operation and the even distribution of laundry in washing machines. They are the heart of toys like Furby and Tamagotchi, of golf balls that cannot get lost and of gas pumps at gasoline stations that advertise nearby restaurants on video. Above all, state-of-the art communications equipment like WAP mobile telephones, MP3 players, set-top boxes and Net devices would not be possible without these powerful miniature brains.
APPLICATIONS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM:-
Applications and examples of real time systems are ubiquitous and proliferating, appearing as part of our commercial, government, military, medical, educational, and cultural infrastructures. Included are:
Vehicle systems for automobiles, subways, aircraft, railways and ships.
Traffic control for highways, airspace, railway tracks and shipping lanes.
Process control for power plants, chemical plants and consumer products such as soft drinks and beer.
Medical systems for radiation therapy, patient monitoring and defibrillation
Military uses such as firing weapons, tracking and command and control.
Manufacturing systems with robots.
Telephone, radio and satellite communications.
Computer games.
Multi media systems that provide text, graphic, audio and video interfaces.
House holds systems for monitoring and controlling appliances.
Building managers that controls such entities as heat, light, Doors and elevators.
EMBEDDED SYSTEM USED IN THE AUTOMOBILES:-
The fig below shows all the systems that is employed on the basis of embedded technology.
[attachment=7396]
IN THE DRIVING SEAT
There are several tasks in which real time OSs beat their desktop counterpart’s hands-down. A common application of embedded systems in the real world is in automobiles because these systems are cheap, efficient and problem free. Almost every car that rolls off the production line these days makes use of embedded technology in one form or the other.RTOSs are performed in this area due to their fast response times and minimal system requirements.
Most of the embedded systems in automobiles are rugged in nature, as most of these systems are made up of a single chip. Other factors aiding their use are the low costs involved, ease of development, and the fact that embedded devices can be networked to act as sub modules in a large system. No driver clashes or ‘system busy’ condition happen in these systems. Their compact profiles enable them to fit easily under the cramped hood of a car.
Embedded System in Automobiles
INTRODUCTION
Each day, our lives become more dependent on 'embedded systems', digital information technology that is embedded in our environment. This includes not only safety-critical applications such as automotive devices and controls, railways, aircraft, aerospace and medical devices, but also communications, 'mobile worlds' and 'e-worlds', the 'smart' home, clothes, factories etc. All of these have wide-ranging impacts on society, including security, privacy and modes of working and living. More than 98% of processors applied today are in embedded systems, and are no longer visible to the customer as 'computers' in the ordinary sense. New processors and methods of processing, sensors, actuators, communications and infrastructures are 'enablers' for this very pervasive computing. They are in a sense ubiquitous, that is, almost invisible to the user and almost omnipresent. As such, they form the basis for a significant economic push.
These applications are 'vision driven', as in the following examples:
Automotive: Accident free driving
Aerospace: A free, safe sky for all
Medical Devices: Robotic surgeon
Communications: Seamless connectivity
e-Life: ubiquitous/pervasive computing.
WHAT ARE EMBEDDED SYSTEMS?
We read in newspapers that a doctor had successfully transplanted a cardiac pacemaker in his patient’s chest by sitting around 200kilometres away. Also we know about driverless cars that could take us to the destiny by using its inbuilt navigation systems. Embedded microprocessors or micro controllers are the brain behind these.
An embedded system is any device controlled by instructions stored on a chip. These devices are usually controlled by a micro processor that executes the instructions stored on a read only memory (ROM) chip.
The software for the embedded system is called firmware. The firmware will be written in assembly language for time or resource critical operations or using higher level languages like C or embedded C. The software will be simulated using micro code simulators for the target processor. Since they are supposed to perform only specific tasks, these programs are stored in read only memories (ROMs).Moreover they may need no or minimal inputs from the user, hence the user interface like monitor, mouse and large keyboard etc,may be absent.
Embedded systems are computer systems that monitor, respond to, or control an external environment. This environment is connected to the computer system through sensors, actuators, and other input-output interfaces. It may consist of physical or biological objects of any form and structure. Often humans are part of the connected external world, but a wide range of other natural and artificial objects, as well as animals are also possible.
Embedded systems are also known as real time systems since they respond to an input or event and produce the result within a guaranteed time period. This time period can be few microseconds to days or months. The computer system must meet various timing and other constraints that are imposed on it by the real-time behavior of the external world to which it is interfaced. Hence comes the name real time. Another Name for many of these systems is reactive systems, because their primary purpose is to respond to or react to signals from their environment. A real time computer system may be a component of a larger system in which it is embedded; reasonably such a computer component is called an embedded system.
Embedded systems control engine management systems in automobiles, monitor home heating systems and regulate the quiet operation and the even distribution of laundry in washing machines. They are the heart of toys like Furby and Tamagotchi, of golf balls that cannot get lost and of gas pumps at gasoline stations that advertise nearby restaurants on video. Above all, state-of-the art communications equipment like WAP mobile telephones, MP3 players, set-top boxes and Net devices would not be possible without these powerful miniature brains.
APPLICATIONS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM:-
Applications and examples of real time systems are ubiquitous and proliferating, appearing as part of our commercial, government, military, medical, educational, and cultural infrastructures. Included are:
Vehicle systems for automobiles, subways, aircraft, railways and ships.
Traffic control for highways, airspace, railway tracks and shipping lanes.
Process control for power plants, chemical plants and consumer products such as soft drinks and beer.
Medical systems for radiation therapy, patient monitoring and defibrillation
Military uses such as firing weapons, tracking and command and control.
Manufacturing systems with robots.
Telephone, radio and satellite communications.
Computer games.
Multi media systems that provide text, graphic, audio and video interfaces.
House holds systems for monitoring and controlling appliances.
Building managers that controls such entities as heat, light, Doors and elevators.
EMBEDDED SYSTEM USED IN THE AUTOMOBILES:-
The fig below shows all the systems that is employed on the basis of embedded technology.
[attachment=7396]
IN THE DRIVING SEAT
There are several tasks in which real time OSs beat their desktop counterpart’s hands-down. A common application of embedded systems in the real world is in automobiles because these systems are cheap, efficient and problem free. Almost every car that rolls off the production line these days makes use of embedded technology in one form or the other.RTOSs are performed in this area due to their fast response times and minimal system requirements.
Most of the embedded systems in automobiles are rugged in nature, as most of these systems are made up of a single chip. Other factors aiding their use are the low costs involved, ease of development, and the fact that embedded devices can be networked to act as sub modules in a large system. No driver clashes or ‘system busy’ condition happen in these systems. Their compact profiles enable them to fit easily under the cramped hood of a car.
