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Electronics is the science of electrical control of electrical energy, in which electrons play a fundamental role. Electronics deal with electrical circuits involving active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes, integrated circuits, associated passive electrical components and interconnect technologies. Commonly, electronic devices contain circuits consisting mainly or exclusively of active semiconductors supplemented with passive elements; Said circuit is described as an electronic circuit.

The science of electronics is also considered to be a branch of physics and electrical engineering. The non-linear behavior of the active components and their ability to control electron flows make possible the amplification of weak signals, and electronics are widely used in information processing, telecommunications and signal processing. The ability of electronic devices to act as switches enables the processing of digital information. Interconnect technologies such as circuit boards, electronic packaging technology and other varied forms of communication infrastructure complete the functionality of the circuit and transform the mixed components into a regular work system.

Electronics are distinct from electrical and electromechanical science and technology, which deal with the generation, distribution, switching, storage and conversion of electrical energy to and from other forms of energy using cables, motors, generators, batteries, switches, relays , Transformers, resistors and other passive components. This distinction began around 1906 with Lee De Forest's invention of the triode, which made possible the electrical amplification of weak radio signals and audio signals with a non-mechanical device. Until 1950 this field was called "radio technology" because its main application was the design and theory of radio transmitters, receivers and vacuum tubes.

Today, most electronic devices use semiconductor components to perform electron control. The study of semiconductor devices and related technology is considered a branch of solid state physics, while the design and construction of electronic circuits to solve practical problems come under electronic engineering. This article focuses on the engineering aspects of electronics.