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EFFECTS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY AND MEMS ON ENVIRONMENT
Abstract
It provides an overview of nano particles, their uses and their impact on health, environment life cycle. This technology provides us with the way to generate energy from thin film batteries. It is a global technologyThe burgeoning interest in microtechnologies partly triggered by the nanotechnology is opening up a floodgate of opportunities for developing new micro electro-mechanical systems based applications and products.
In its original sense, it refers to projected ability to construct items from bottom up, using techniques and tools being developed today to make complete high performance products. MEMS became practical once they could be fabricated using modified semi conductor device fabrication technologies normally used
KEYWORDS:
Nanotechnology, Micro technology, Micro electromechanical system.

INTRODUCTION
NANOTECHNOLOGY
What is nanotechnology?
Nanotechnology, shortened to "nanotech", is the study of the controlling of matter on an atomic and molecular scale.
Or we can define as engineering of functional systems at the molecular scale. It is also referred as “general purpose technology” that’s because in its advance form, it will have significant impact on almost all industries and all areas of society. It offers improved efficiency in almost every facet (corners) of life.
It is of dual use means it not only represent wonderful benefits of life but also grave risks for humanity. Nanotechnology has the potential to create many new materials and devices with a vast range of applications, such as in medicine, electronics and energy production The first use of the concepts found in 'nano-technology' (but pre-dating use of that name) was in "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom”, a talk given by physicist Richard Feynman at an American Physical Society meeting at Caltech on December 29, 1959.
The term "nanotechnology" was defined by Tokyo Science University Professor Norio Taniguchi in a 1974 paper as follows: "'Nano-technology' mainly consists of the processing of, separation, consolidation, and deformation of materials by one atom or by one molecule.
arising from their nanoscale dimensions. Interface and colloid science has given rise to many materials which may be useful in nanotechnology, such as carbon nanotubes and other fullerenes, and various nanoparticles and nanorods
Current Research Nanomaterials
This includes subfields which develop or study materials having unique properties
Functional approaches
Synthetic chemical methods can also be used to create synthetic molecular motors, such as in a so-called nanocar Biomaterials
Most natural (biological) materials are complex composites whose properties are outstanding, considering the weak constituents from which they are assembled. These complex structures, which have risen from hundreds of millions years of evolution, are inspiring materials. Scientists interested primarily in the design of novel materials with exceptional physical properties for high performance in adverse conditions
What is MEMS?
It is a technology of the very small and emerges at the nano scale into nanotechnology and nano-electrochemical system (NEMS). MEMS are made up of components between 1 to 100 micrometers in size (i.e. 0.001 to 0.1 mm) and MEMS devices generally range in size from 20 micrometers (20 millionths of a meter) to a millimeter.
MEMS became practical once they could be fabricated using modified semiconductor device fabrication technologies, normally used to make electronics. Silicon is the material used to create most integrated circuits used in consumer electronics in the modern world.
MEMS devices can be made from polymers by processes such as injection molding, embossing or stereolithography and are especially well suited to microfluidic applications such as disposable blood testing cartridges.
Examples
Examples of MEMS device applications include inkjet-printer cartridges, accelerometers, miniature robots, microengines, locks, inertial sensors, microtransmissions, micromirrors

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Nanotechnology for the Environment
Nanotechnology and the Environment
Nature of nanoparticles themselves.
Characteristics of the products made
Manufacturing processes involved
As nano-xyz is manufactured, what materials are used?
• What waste is produced?
• Are toxic substances used in the manufacturing of nano-xyz?
• What happens when nano-xyz gets into the air, soil, water, or biota?
Nanotechnology has the potential to substantially benefit environmental quality and sustainability through
• Pollution prevention
• Treatment
• Remediation
• Information
Nanotechnology for pollution prevention
Synthetic or manufacturing processes which can occur at ambient temperature and pressure
Use of non-toxic catalysts with minimal production of resultant pollutants
Use of aqueous-based reactions
Build molecules as needed --“just in time.”
Nanoscale information technologies for product identification and tracking to manage recycling, remanufacture, and end of life disposal of solvents