An established network operating at a certain frequency (say 60 Hz) would have a certain inertia associated with this particular frequency. Since it is possible to instantaneously eliminate the frequency of the system without losing synchronization, then, if we operate at a lower frequency, can we inject a little additional power into the system?
The network standard for energy quality dictates the frequency deviations allowed. Keep in mind that some electrical equipment is sensitive to frequency. On the other hand, the inertia is a mechanical property of the rotating masses that resist the change in the speed of rotation. Inertia is the first response of the electrical network against changes in system load or the closure of large generating units during travel. As more inertia a system possesses the less pronounced in the initial rate of frequency change. The speed regulators will stop the frequency deviations in a stable operation.
Conventional generators are electrically protected using frequencies and volts / hertz (functions 81 and 24) respectively to prevent overflow in the generators and prevent the main motors from operating near critical speeds. However, synthetic inertia can be obtained from type 3 and type 4 wind turbines through appropriate control algorithms and suitable inverter arrangements as part of flexible AC systems, FACTS.
The inertia of the power system plays its role during the dynamic disturbance of the power system. The inertia of the load also intervenes in the recovery of the frequency after the disturbance as a new balance of charge generation occurs. The balancing exercise of conventional generation versus renewable generation may require the corresponding inertia for various types of generation resources, including storage devices, in order to maintain the frequency in a reasonable band.
If the frequency drops instantaneously, it means that, suddenly, the system became overloaded. The rotational kinetic energy of the generators will initially supply the additional load (due to the sudden drop in frequency). The governors will begin to work to boost the generation of the units, since the generation of units increases the frequency tends to be 60 Hz and the action of the regulator stops as soon as the frequency of the system reaches 60 Hz. , additional energy will be injected into the system from the generators.