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plc elevator ladder logic example pdf

On modern elevators the control logic is PLC based, probably because relays are more expensive than electronic components. Besides a PLC makes simple the electrical connections and reduces the chance of failure. On old elevators the direction of the car is controlled by selectors mounted in the shaft, one at each floor. On modern elevators there may be one impulse switch only, mounted on the top of the car. When the elevator moves the impulse switch detects a sequence of magnets placed in the shaft, then sends the signals to the PLC.

The pdf page link below is a ladder logic of a 4 floors, double speed and automatic door elevator. The program has been simulated but not tested on a real elevator model. The direction of the car is controlled by one selector impulse switch (S0). On real elevators, for a better precision, there are more selector switches. The dump switches at the first and top floor (S1-S2) are supposed to reset the program once the PLC is supplied. In that condition none of the selector merkers are activated. In other words the PLC does not know where the elevator is. Therefore the direction instructions (rung 17 and 18) would be both on. For that reason I used the delay instruction T40. The image is a simplified schematic of the direction instructions. Note that S7 PLC software does not allow two instructions within one rung.