PRESENTED BY
M.Sravani
Sneha.S.Kumar

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ABSTRACT
Electronic commerce is a catalyst for dramatic changes in internal organizational functioning.
Electronic commerce has become critical in three inter related dimensions –customer to customer business dimension,intra business interactions and business to business interactions.
Electronic commerce is enabling the customer to have an increasing say in what products are made,how products are made and how services are delivered,thus customers having greater comtrol.
In the face of market changes,corporations can no longer be insular in nature.In order to be successful,management has come to grips with the changes taking place in the various market places.
This topic deals with the analytical evaluation of management issues and concerns effecting electronic commerce in the service provider businesses,retail,banking,electronic publishing.
In a nutshell,this topic offers an explanation of how the web is being used to develop public internet applications.It also explains the technology behind the web and the new directions of web technology
E-COMMERCE
DEFINITION OF ELECTRONIC COMMERCE:
Electronic commerce,commonly known as e-commerce or eCommerce,consists of the buying ansd selling of the products or services over electronic systems such as the internet and other computer networks.
• From a communications perspective,electronic commerce is the delivery of information,products/services,payments via telephone lines,computer networks or any other means.
• From a business process perspective,electronic commerce is the application of technology towards the automation of business transactions and workflows.
• From a service perspective,electronic commerce is a tool that addresses the desire of firms,consumers and management to cut service costs while improving the quality of goods and increasing the speed of service delivery.
Electronic commerce endeavors to improve the execution of business transactions over various networks.These improvements may result in more effective performance(i.e
better quality,greater customer satisfaction and better corporate decision making),greater economic efficiency and more rapid exchange(high speed,accelerated,or real time interaction).More specifically,electronic commerce enables the execution of information-laden transactions between two or more parties using interconnected networks.
BUYER/SELLER TRANSACTIONS
Another way of Electronic commerce is to view it as a production process that converts digital inputs into value added outputs through a set of intermediatories.
Currently,the goal of E-Commerce research and its associative implementations is to reduce the “friction” in online transactions.Friction is often described in economics as the transaction cost.
Ultimately the reduction of friction in online commerce will enable smoother transactions between buyers,intermediaries and sellers.
BRIEF HISTORY OF ELECTRONIC COMMERCE:
During the late 1970s and early 1980s,electronic commerce became widespread within companies in the form of electronic messaging technologies:electronic data interchange(EDI) and electronic mail.Electronic messaging technologies streamline business processes by reducing paper work and increasing automation.
In the mid 1980s,a completely different type of Electronic commerce technology spread among consumers in the form of online services that provided a new form of social interaction and knowledge sharing.
In the 1990s,the advent of World Wide Web on the internet represents a turning point in Ecommerce by providing easy-to-use technology solution to the problem of information publishing and dissemination.
TYPES OF E-COMMERCE:
1.Inter-organisational E-commerce:From the inter organizational perspective the E-commerce facilitates the following business applications:
• Supplier management:Electronic applications help companies reduce the number of suppliers and facilitate business partnerships by reducing purchase order processing costs.
• Inventory management:Electronic applications shorten the order-ship-bill cycle.This also helps to reduce inventory levels and eliminate out of stock occurrences.
• Distribution management:Electronic applications facilitate the transmission of shipping documents such as purchase order ,bills of lading and enable better resource management.
• Payment management:Electronic payment reduces clerical error,increases the speed at which companies compute invoice,lowers transaction fees and costs.
2.Intra-organisational E-commerce:From the intra-organisational perspective the
Ecommerce facilitates the following business applications:
• Workgroup communications:These applications enable managers to communicate employees using electronic mail,video conferencing,and bulletin boards.
• Electronic publishing:These applications enable the companies to organize,publish and disseminate the human resources manuals,product specifications and meeting minutes using tools such as World Wide Web.
• Sales force productivity:These applications improve the flow of information between the production and sales forces and between the firms and customers.
3.Consumer-to-business Ecommerce:From the consumers perspective Ecommerce
facilitates the following economic transactions:
• Social interaction
• Personal finance management
• Purchasing products and information
What exactly is web?
The web has rapidly become the standard of navigating,publishing information and executing transactions on the internet or the intranets.Web is a collection of distributive documents referred to as “Pages” located on computers or servers all over the world.Servers store HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE(HTML) files and respond to requests.Browsers like Netscape ensure easy access to server based documents,and display multimedia data.
Future browsers will include editor-like abilities,application linking,audio and video integration,database front ends.