required ppt on ic engine with homogeneous combustion

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Abstract
At present, the emissions of internal combustion engines can only be improved by catalytic treatments of the exhaust gases. Such treatments, however, result in high costs and relatively low conversion efficiency. This suggests that a new combustion technique should be developed to yield improved primary combustion processes inside the engine with drastically reduced exhaust gas emissions. In this paper,. We report on such a technique that is applicable to direct injection, internal combustion engines, either diesel or gasoline fuelled. This technique is based on the porous-medium (PM) combustion technology previously developed in the laboratory for steady state household and industrial combustion processes. It is shown that the PM combustion technique can be applied to internal combustion engines, i.e. it is demonstrated that improvements obtained in steady state combustion are also realizable in unsteady combustion processes. Theoretical considerations are presented for internal combustion engines, indicating that an overall improvement in thermal efficiency can be achieved for the PM engine. This is explained and the general performance of the new PM engine is demonstrated for a single-cylinder, air-cooled, direct injection diesel engine. Verification experiments are described that were carried out as part of the present study. Initial results are presented and an outlook is given on how the present developments might continue in the future.

Introduction

Gradually came the days when man started imagining huge & started striving for bringing his imagination to the day of light Today after having reached such heights of advancement we the human beings are still in thirst of technology indeed very desperately. One such field for current discussion and interest of brilliant brains is that how we developed such a engine which would give non-zero emission and as well as less fuel consumption to with stand under wild range of speed and load? the answer to this question is homogeneous combustion in I.C. engine using porous medium Technology.
The process of mixture formation, ignition & combustion in conventional engine is not effective due to the lack of mechanisms for homogenous combustion process.
Two parameters will be required for future internal combustion engine i.e. non-zero emission level & low fuel consumption. These parameter is strongly dependant the process of mixture formation & combustion which are difficult to controlled in a conventional engine combustion system.
The question is remain unsolved is the method for realization of homogenous combustion in IC engine, specially if the variable engine operational conditions are considered.
So here porous medium concept is introduced in order to overcome above difficulty. PM utilize the special features of highly porous media to support and controlled the mixture formation and combustion process in IC engine.
Main requirements for future engine

Basic requirements for future clean internal combustion (I.C.) engine concern very low that is exhaust emissions level for both gaseous and particulate matter components under as low as possible fuel consumption. Internal combustion engine has to operate in a wide range of speeds and loads and should satisfy selected requirements under all operational conditions. For vehicle application, the following conditions are required for future engine:
Operation with a homogeneous stoichiometric charge for high power density Operation with a homogeneous-lean charge for low specific fuel consumption
Realization of homogeneous combustion, for all mixture compositions for the lowest combustion emissions.
For significant reduction of specific fuel consumption and for a near-zero combustion emissions especially attractive would be realization of engine operating with a lean-homogeneous charge at part loads, assuming that the combustion process is homogeneous.

HOMOGENEOUS COMBUSTION

Homogeneous combustion in an IC engine is defined as a process characterized by a 3D-ignition of the homogeneous charge with simultaneous-volumetric-combustion, hence, ensuring a homogeneous temperature field. According to the definition given above, three steps of the mixture formation and combustion may be selected that define the ability of a given combustion system to operate as a homogeneous combustion system