17-04-2017, 03:05 PM
The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India. It establishes the framework that defines the fundamental political principles, establishes the structure, procedures, powers and duties of the governmental institutions and establishes the fundamental rights, the directives and the duties of the citizens. It is the longest written constitution of any sovereign country in the world. The nation is governed by it. B. Ambedkar R. is considered as its chief architect. It embodies constitutional supremacy and not parliamentary supremacy, since it is not created by Parliament, but by a constituent assembly and adopted by its people, with a declaration in its preamble. Parliament can not override the Constitution.
It was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949 and entered into force on 26 January 1950. With its adoption, the Union of India became the modern and contemporary republic of India which replaced the Government Act of India, 1935, document. To ensure constitutional autochthony, the authors of the constitution repealed the earlier laws of the British Parliament through article 395 of the Constitution. India celebrates its entry into force on January 26 of each year, as Day of the Republic. It declares that India is a sovereign, socialist, secular and democratic republic, which assures its citizens of justice, equality and freedom, and strives to promote brotherhood among them.
Background
Most of the Indian subcontinent was under British rule from 1857 to 1947. When the Constitution of India came into force on January 26, 1950, it revoked the Indian Independence Law. India ceased to be a domain of the British Crown and became a democratic and sovereign republic. The date of January 26 was chosen to commemorate Purna Swaraj's declaration of independence of 1930.
Articles 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 60, 324, 366, 367, 379, 380, 388, 391, 392, 393 and 394 of the Constitution entered into force on November 26, 1949 and the remaining articles January 26, 1950.
Drafting
On August 14, 1947, a proposal was presented for the constitution of several committees. These committees included a Committee on Fundamental Rights, the Committee on the Powers of the Union and the Committee on the Constitution of the Union. On August 29, 1947, the Drafting Committee, under the chairmanship of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, was appointed along with six other members assisted by a constitutional adviser. These were Pandit Govind Ballabh Pant, Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi (former Minister of the Interior, Bombay), Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer (Former Attorney General of the State of Madras), N Gopalaswami Ayengar (Former Prime Minister, J & K and more Nehru), BL Mitter (Former Attorney General, India), Ms. Saadullah (Former Deputy Prime Minister of Assam, member of the Muslim League) and DP Khaitan (Scion of the Khaitan Business family and renowned lawyer) . The constitutional counselor was Sir Benegal Narsing Rau (who became First Indian Judge at the International Court of Justice, 1950-54). Later B L Mitter resigned and was replaced by Madhav Rao (Legal Advisor of Maharaja of Vadodara). On the death of D Khaitan, T T Krishnamachari was included in the drafting committee. The Committee prepared a draft Constitution which was submitted to the Assembly on 4 November 1947, which was discussed and which were amended during 2000 for more than two years. Finally, on November 26, 1949, the process was completed and the Constituent Assembly adopted the Constitution. 284 members signed the document and the process of drafting the constitution was completed. This day is celebrated as National Day of Law or Constitution Day.
It was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949 and entered into force on 26 January 1950. With its adoption, the Union of India became the modern and contemporary republic of India which replaced the Government Act of India, 1935, document. To ensure constitutional autochthony, the authors of the constitution repealed the earlier laws of the British Parliament through article 395 of the Constitution. India celebrates its entry into force on January 26 of each year, as Day of the Republic. It declares that India is a sovereign, socialist, secular and democratic republic, which assures its citizens of justice, equality and freedom, and strives to promote brotherhood among them.
Background
Most of the Indian subcontinent was under British rule from 1857 to 1947. When the Constitution of India came into force on January 26, 1950, it revoked the Indian Independence Law. India ceased to be a domain of the British Crown and became a democratic and sovereign republic. The date of January 26 was chosen to commemorate Purna Swaraj's declaration of independence of 1930.
Articles 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 60, 324, 366, 367, 379, 380, 388, 391, 392, 393 and 394 of the Constitution entered into force on November 26, 1949 and the remaining articles January 26, 1950.
Drafting
On August 14, 1947, a proposal was presented for the constitution of several committees. These committees included a Committee on Fundamental Rights, the Committee on the Powers of the Union and the Committee on the Constitution of the Union. On August 29, 1947, the Drafting Committee, under the chairmanship of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, was appointed along with six other members assisted by a constitutional adviser. These were Pandit Govind Ballabh Pant, Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi (former Minister of the Interior, Bombay), Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer (Former Attorney General of the State of Madras), N Gopalaswami Ayengar (Former Prime Minister, J & K and more Nehru), BL Mitter (Former Attorney General, India), Ms. Saadullah (Former Deputy Prime Minister of Assam, member of the Muslim League) and DP Khaitan (Scion of the Khaitan Business family and renowned lawyer) . The constitutional counselor was Sir Benegal Narsing Rau (who became First Indian Judge at the International Court of Justice, 1950-54). Later B L Mitter resigned and was replaced by Madhav Rao (Legal Advisor of Maharaja of Vadodara). On the death of D Khaitan, T T Krishnamachari was included in the drafting committee. The Committee prepared a draft Constitution which was submitted to the Assembly on 4 November 1947, which was discussed and which were amended during 2000 for more than two years. Finally, on November 26, 1949, the process was completed and the Constituent Assembly adopted the Constitution. 284 members signed the document and the process of drafting the constitution was completed. This day is celebrated as National Day of Law or Constitution Day.