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Abstract
Cloud computing as an emerging computing mode can be applied to the District Medical Data Center. This is a new proposal raised in the paper. The rudiment of District Medical Data Center based on cloud computing is established. A comparison is made between the samples from the rudiment and the samples from the general systems. XML is suitable to both express the multi-element unstructured data and exchange the complex data. The various standards for DMDC are established. The advanced model of District Medical Data Center based on cloud computing is described. The idea is also showed that the District Medical Data Center is as a service on the cloud computing platform. In the future, cloud computing may be better approach to the next generation of District Medical Data Center.
Index Terms—cloud computing, medical data center, XML, hospital information system, data exchange standards
I. INTRODUCTION
The concept of cloud computing first appeared in about 2007, following known widely [1]. Everyone has an opinion on what is cloud computing. In fact, cloud computing is an emerging computing mode. It promises to increase the velocity with which applications are deployed and lower costs while ensuring business agility.
The DMDC refer to the District Medical Data Center in this paper is infrastructure for the healthcare system here are many problems to be solved and many difficulties to be overcome in constructing the national healthcare information system now, though great progress was made over the last 20 years. The essential reason is the lack of information integration. In various medical institutions the clinical information for the patients is scattered, fragmented and isolated, it results at least that obtaining useful information is very difficult meanwhile available information is idle. A lot of information is reduplicate but inconsistent. In public health agencies, the basic information is lacking for healthy people, it results at least that no database supported our decision that should be made as soon as possible when major disaster or epidemic comes suddenly [10] [11]. The lack of information integration makes high cost and low efficiency.
For the above reason, it is issued that the “National Health Information Development Plan 2003-2010”. “The Opinions of Reforming Medical and Health System” proceeds to be released in 2009 [3]. Both “The Plan” and “The Opinions” are published by the Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China in succession. And then on information technology, the most important objective planed in “The Plan” is the national healthcare information system and the most main tasks assigned in “The Opinions” are integrating data resources. It is urgent to reform the health system so as to insure the life rights of the population. The nature of cloud computing is useful for constructing the data center. To the new generation of District Medical Data Center, cloud computing is better approach in the future. The paper presents the view which is the DMDC with “patient centered” should be instead of the hospital information system with “accounting-centered”. It also reports our project progress in DMDC supported by “11th Five-Year Plan” of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China.
The rudiment of DMDC on cloud computing is proposed in the paper. Both the advantages and disadvantages of the model are studied through a case. The paper first raised a new proposal that is implementing the DMDC with cloud computing. The idea, the DMDC as a service is showed concurrently.
II. THE RUDIMENT OF DMDC BASED ON CLOUD COMPUTING
Constructing DMDC is aimed at integrating information on population in some region, including various clinical diagnosis information and treatment information on patients in the different medical institutions, also covering the various basic information on healthy. The DMDC can be shared by the hospitals, the departments of administration and the public. Mass information refer to multi-disciplines is stored. Both the medical treatment and the health protection need the DMDC to serve the people.
There is still a considerable gap between our country and developed country at present. The NHS (National Health Service, UK) is based on national health data center, including data samples refer to all people of UK. The NHS has wide application covering not only clinical care but also medical research. Everyone can find and choose services by the web site, such as pick doctors. The homepage of the Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China shows some policies or news about medical and health. Advancing our service for population, we have a long way to go.
The effort of building the HIS (Hospital Information System) continues for many ears. The result is the development of computer technology and network technology rapidly to provide dependable guarantee for building the DMDC now [6]. Because of the differences of the population, the customs and the process we used to, the experience in data integration in the world can’t go well in China [11] [7] [8]. We have to study on the architecture and style of DMDC according to our situation
Constructing the DMDC adheres to “two lines”, “two layers” and “duplex channels”, showed as Fig1. It’s regarded as a rudiment of cloud computing for District Medical Data Center. The two lines are that one is top-down line for analysis and planning, and the other is down-top line for implementation. Specifically, the planning is along with DMDC—the hospitals—communities, the realization is along with communities—the hospitals— DMDC. The DMDC consists of two layers. One faces to the public and the other faces to the government. The “duplex channels” supports the communicating each other in the communities, the hospitals and the administrative departments of health.
The communicating is based on the data formats which are mutual recognition. In fact, because the medical units are used to record information in different styles, the hospital systems serving now are heterogeneous and the government sectors process data by different ways, it is very difficult to exchange data. In addition to, each individual of health information must be multi-element for including sound, graphics, images, signals and so on. The data record the life of person, involving the birth, immunization, medical, marriage, family and so on, consisting of basic information, check information, operation information, and diagnostic information and so on. Nevertheless these data are structured, semi-structured or unstructured.