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Distributed control system
It refers to a control system where the controller elements are not central in location but are distributed throughout the system . Here each component sub-system maybe controlled by a one or more controllers. networks connect them for communication and monitoring. They can be found in industries like:
Electrical power grids and electrical generation plants
-Oil refining plants
-Pharmaceutical manufacturing
-Sensor networks

Elements
custom designed processors are used as the controllers and they may use proprietary interconnections and communications protocol. The processor receives information from input modules and sends information to output modules.

Applications
continuous or batch-oriented systems are mainly controlled by this . There fore they can be found in the industries like oil refining, petrochemicals, central station power generation, pharmaceuticals, food & beverage manufacturing, cement production, steelmaking, and papermaking etc. The technique of setpoint control is used to control the flow of materialthrough the plant. a pressure sensor, controller, and control valve embodies the most exemplified group. In a DCS, 1 to 256 or more regulatory control loops can be executed in in one control box. logic and sequential control is done by proportional, integral, and derivative(PID) control.

The Network Centric Era of the 1980s
Many companies used Ethernet-based networks with their own proprietary protocol layers. Direct Digital Control DCS was implemented by an australian company using the R-Tec Australian designed hardware.

for full details, refer this link:
http://en.wikipediawiki/Distributed_control_system
http://scribddoc/3611081/Distributed-Control-System

to get information about the topic dcs full report ppt and related topic refer the page link bellow

http://studentbank.in/report-distributed...tem--11945