Digital Transmission
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Components of Data Communication
 Data
 Analog: Continuous value data (sound, light, temperature)
 Digital: Discrete value (text, integers, symbols)
 Signal
 Analog: Continuously varying electromagnetic wave
 Digital: Series of voltage pulses (square wave)
Analog Data-->Signal Options
 Analog data to analog signal
 Inexpensive, easy conversion (eg telephone)
 Used in traditional analog telephony
 Analog data to digital signal
 Requires a codec (encoder/decoder)
 Allows use of digital telephony, voice mail
Digital Data-->Signal Options
 Digital data to analog signal
 Requires modem (modulator/demodulator)
 Necessary when analog transmission is used
 Digital data to digital signal
 Less expensive when large amounts of data are involved
 More reliable because no conversion is involved
4-1 DIGITAL-TO-DIGITAL CONVERSION
In this section, we see how we can represent digital data by using digital signals. The conversion involves three techniques: line coding, block coding, and scrambling. Line coding is always needed; block coding and scrambling may or may not be needed.
Data Rate Vs. Signal Rate
• Data rate: the number of data elements (bits) sent in 1s (bps). It’s also called the bit rate
• Signal rate: the number of signal elements sent in 1s (baud). It’s also called the pulse rate, the modulation rate, or the baud rate.
We wish to:
1. increase the data rate (increase the speed of transmission)
2. decrease the signal rate (decrease the bandwidth requirement)
1. Worst case, best case, and average case of r
2. S = c * N / r baud
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